Revision: Semester 1 Pharmacology

Question 1

Aciclovir

Answer 1

Antiviral used for chicken pox, shingles and herpes.

IV would be used for encephalitis

Question 2

Thiamine

Answer 2

B1

Would give to someone with a B1 deficiency or B1 deficiency due to alcoholism

Question 3

Sertraline

Answer 3

Antipressant and also used to treat anxiety.

Is an SSRI

Question 4

Naloxone

Answer 4

Opioid overdose

Question 5

Amitryptaline

Answer 5

Neuropathic pain
Anti-depressant (but sertraline used more and more selective)

Question 6

Flumazenil

Answer 6

Flumazenil is a benzodiazepine antagonist typically used in overdose emergencies.

Question 7

Clomiphene citrate

Answer 7

Used to treat infertility in those with PCOS.

Sometimes called an anti-oestrogen though it acts like oestrogen.

Selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM) which competes with oestrogen in the hypothalamus preventing the inhibitory effect and stimulating the release of gonadotrophs eventually causing ovulation.

Question 8

Letrozole

Answer 8

Lowers oestrogen as an aromatase inhibitor.

Used to increase FSH and LH.

And for oestrogen dependent cancers

Question 9

Carbimazole

Answer 9

Used to treat hyperthyroidism.

Acts to reduce T4 and T3 production by inhibiting iodine uptake by the thyroid.

Question 10

Donepezil

Answer 10

Used for treatment of alzheimer’s.

Inhibition of acetylcholinesterase

Question 11

Propanolol

Answer 11

Beta blocker

This semester can be used in treatment of hyperthyroidism for palpitations

Treatment for essential tremor

Preventative of migraine

Question 12

Pizotifen

Answer 12

Antihistamine with serotonin antagonist properties

Can be used as a preventative for migraine particularly if propanolol is contraindicated e.g. asthma

Question 13

Lamotrigine

Answer 13

First line treatment for epilepsy

Question 14

Pyridostigmine

Answer 14

Used to treat myasthenia gravis.
Acetylcholinesterase inhibitor

Question 15

Levadopa

Answer 15

Dopamine precurser

Used to treat parkinson’s

Question 16

Selegiline and Rasagiline

Answer 16

MAO-Bi

Inhibits the ezmye that breaks down dopamine (and plays a minor role in breaking down seritonin)

Used for parkinson’s

Hint: gis-a-line pal - they make drugs would better

Question 17

Entacapone and Opicapone

Answer 17

COMT inhibitors

Prevent the breakdown of dopamine precursers like levadopa and increase their effectiveness

Treats parkinsons but only in combination with levadopa

Hint: Al capone like comte cheese

Question 18

Amantadine

Answer 18

Encourages dopamine release in parkinsons

Blocks NMDA receptors and can be used as an analgesic

Question 19

Donepezil, Rivastigmine, Galantamine

Answer 19

Acetyl-choline esterase inhibitors for alzheimers

Question 20

Sumatriptan

Answer 20

A triptan commonly used as acute treatment for migraines after aspirin/NSAIDs fail.

Question 21

Alteplase

Answer 21

Thrombolysis drug

Question 22

Clopidogrel

Answer 22

Given as long term treatment post-ischemic stroke and it the prefered drug unless a person has AF in which case DOACs

Question 23

Nimodipine

Answer 23

CCB

Used in post sub arachnoid haemorrhage treatment to prevent secondary vasospasm

Question 24

Fludrocortisone

Answer 24

Synthetic mineralocorticoid

Treatment for addison’s

Question 25

Phenoxybenzamine or Doxazosin

Answer 25

Alpha blockers - first line of treatment in pheochromacytoma before beta blockers.

Question 26

Propythiouracil

Answer 26

Second line anti-thyroid if carbimazole doesn’t work.

Particularly pre surgery

Question 27

Octreotide

Answer 27

Samatostatin analogue.

Used to treat acromegaly

Question 28

Riluzole

Answer 28

The only disease modifying treatment for ALS

Slows progression and increase life expectancy by 3 months

Question 29

Carbidopa

Answer 29

Dopa decarboxilase inhibitor.

Should administer alongside levadopa to prevent the precursor from being broken down in the peripheries before crossing the blood brain barrier