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SUM'20 - Regional > Week 1 Neuroanatomy 1 of 4 > Flashcards

Week 1 Neuroanatomy 1 of 4 Flashcards

1
Q

Spinal block?

A

small amount of LA is injected directly into the CSF. -it produces an intense, rapid, and predictable neural blockade

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2
Q

Epidural Block?

A

It requires a tenfold increase in dose to fill the epidural space and penetrate the nerve roots. -it has a slower onset.

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3
Q

What is a caudal block?

A

injecting into the sacral hiatus

A caudal block is a pain relief technique that’s characterized by the injection of LA and anti-inflammatory medications into the lower sacral bone of the spine. It’s most commonly used on infants and children ** not in mo’s powerpoints but the concept was an objective**

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4
Q

Identify the Intervertebral foramen in the image:

A

red outline b/w verterbrae

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5
Q

Locate the intervertebral disc in the image:

A

spongey like substance b/w two discs

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6
Q

Typical vertebra consist of 5 things:

A
  1. Body 2. vertebral arch 3. Seven Processes 4. Vertebral Foramen 5. Vertebral notches –> Processes
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7
Q

The vertebral arch is formed by

A

pedicles and laminae

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8
Q

The function of the seven processes is for:

A

-muscle attachment -

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9
Q

The function of the seven processes is for:

A

-muscle attachment - formation of vertebral foramen

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10
Q

The vertebral canal that houses the spinal cord is:

A

the vertebral foramen

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11
Q

Name (and number of) the different types of vertebral processes

A

7 total: - Spinous (1) - Transverse (2) - Articular processes (4)

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12
Q

Role of Articular processes

A

to connect adjacent vertebrae

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13
Q

Spinal cord ends at

A

L2-L3

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14
Q

Conus medullaris at

A

L1-L2

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15
Q

Dural Sac ends at

A

S2

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16
Q

Number of vertebra in cervical (c) spine?

A

7 (c1-c7)

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17
Q

Number of vertebra in Thoracic (T) spine?

A

12 (T1-T12)

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18
Q

Number of vertebra in Lumbar (L) spine?

A

5 (L1-L5)

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19
Q

The sacrum is a fusion of

A

5 sacral (s) vertebrae. (S1-S5)

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20
Q

The role of the Internal and External terminal filum is to

A

anchor the spinal cord *fibers!! no feelings*

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21
Q

Ligamentous elements provide:

A

-structural support -with supporting muscles; help maintain the unique shape.

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22
Q

Ligamentous elements provide:

A

-structural support -with supporting muscles; help maintain the unique shape.

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23
Q

The name for the “horse tail”

A

Cauda Equina

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24
Q

Internal Terminal Filum role:

A

Anchors Pial Aspect of spinal cord

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25
Q

External Terminal Filum role:

A

Anchors Dural aspect of spinal cord

26
Q

Name of area where spinal cord terminates

A

Conus medullaris

27
Q

important anatomical landmark for head down position of fetus:

A

anterior Sacral promontory

28
Q

Distinguishing feature of Coccyx

A

Fused together *so are the sacral vertebrae but he didn’t mention it specifically

29
Q

Identify: -Dura -Arachnoid - Epidural Space -Pia -Subarachnoid space

A

B -Dura C -Arachnoid F - Epidural Space H -Pia I -Subarachnoid space

30
Q

Identify epidural vs spinal in image:

A

A - Epidural B- Spinal

31
Q

Lumbar region is generally safer for injection due to what reason?

A

No structures that can be harmed by needle -all cauda equina

32
Q

Lumbar region is generally safer for injection due to what reason?

A

No structures that can be harmed by needle -all cauda equina

33
Q

What position is ideal for lumbar puncture?

A

maximum flexion “think like shrimp”

34
Q

Name the anatomical landmarks for locating L4

A

Superior iliac crest

35
Q

Name the anatomical landmarks for locating L4

A

Superior iliac crest

36
Q

What is a lumbar puncture?

A

when CSF is obtained from the lumbar subarachnoid space

37
Q

What subarachnoid space is pierced in a lumbar puncture?

A

L4 &L5

38
Q

Name structures (in order) pierced in spinal :

A

Skin Subcutaneous Tissue Supraspinous Ligament Interspinous Ligament Ligamentum Flavum Epidural Space Dura Mater Subdural Space Arachnoid Mater Subarachnoid space “Some say sister Ida loves doing acid”

39
Q

Name structures (in order) pierced in epidural:

A

Skin Subcutaneous Tissue Supraspinous Ligament Interspinous Ligament Ligamentum Flavum Epidural Space

40
Q

in a lateral approach, what structures will you NOT pass through?

A

Supraspinous and interspinous ligaments

41
Q

Resting state of the action potential is what voltage?

A

-70mV - -90mV

42
Q

at rest, the nerve membrane is more permeable to

A

K+ (than to Na+)

43
Q

Leaky K+ channels are responsible for

A

resting membrane potential

44
Q

the Na+/K+ pump maintains

A

resting membrane potential

45
Q

Na/K pump ratio

A

3 Na OUT and 2 K IN

46
Q

Nerve Impulse (action potential) is a property of

A

Excitable cells (nerve, muscles)

47
Q

Excitable cells that consist of a rapid depolarization (or upstroke) and is followed by

A

Repolarization of membrane potential

48
Q

Upstroke of the AP (depolarization) is:

A
  1. Inward Na+ movement 2. Lidocaine block these voltage sensitive Na+ ch and abolish AP.
49
Q

Lidocaine blocks the

A

voltage sensitive Na+ ch and abolish AP.

50
Q

Downstroke of the AP (repolarization) is:

A
  1. Outward K+ movement 2. Inward current (flow of Na+ into the cell) depolarizes the membrane potential, while outward flow of K+ hyperpolarize the Membrane potential.
51
Q

Na and K flow by

A

simple diffusion

52
Q

Action potential is constant

A

shape and size

53
Q

action potential follows which law?

A

all or none (no percentage)

54
Q

Threshold is the membrane potential at which:

A

the AP is inevitable

55
Q

Propagation or spread of AP

A

60 m/ sec Myelinated vs Non-Myelinated fibers

56
Q

Refractory Period

A

Due to closure of inactivation gates of Na+

57
Q

absolute refractory period is a period during which

A

another AP cannot be elicited, no matter how large the stimulus. -Due to closure of inactivation gates of Na+

58
Q

Relative refractory period is a period during which

A

an AP can be elicited ONLY if a larger than usual stimulus is provided.

59
Q

Purpose of a refractory period

A

-protect the cell from over-excitation. -it allows a recovery period b/w the AP’s.

60
Q

What protects the cell from over-excitation.

A

Refractory period

SUM'20 - Regional (17 decks)

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