week 1: meninges, cranial nerves, and skull

Question 1

2 primary divisions of the nervous systems

Answer 1

central nervous system and peripheral nervous system

Question 2

central nervous system

Answer 2

consists of the brain and spinal cord which are located within the skull and vertebral column

Question 3

peripheral nervous system

Answer 3

autonomic nervous system, cranial nerves, and spinal nerves

Question 4

the ____ NS conveys sensory information to the CNS and carries information from CNS to body’s organs

Answer 4

peripheral

Question 5

peripheral nerves are distributed where?

Answer 5

to all sense organs, glands, and muscles on the surface of the body, smooth and cardiac muscles

Question 6

covering the brain is a thick whitish material called the _________

Answer 6

dura mater

Question 7

the thickest and outermost layer of the meninges

Answer 7

dura mater

Question 8

2 layers of the dura mater

Answer 8

1) outer periostea layer , which is attached to the inner surface of the skull
2)inner meningeal layer

Question 9

2 partitions of the cerebellum that separate the cerebellum and the two cerebral hemispheres

Answer 9

1) fall cerebri
2) tentorium

Question 10

between the outer periostea layer and the inner meningeal layers are the __________

Answer 10

dural sinuses

Question 11

arachnoid villi

Answer 11

small unidirectional valves from the arachnoid mater that passes CSF into the sinus

Question 12

bundles of nerves in the periphery are encased in the ______

Answer 12

perineurium

Question 13

individual axons and Schwann cells are encased in the _______

Answer 13

endoneurlium

Question 14

the _________ lies beneath the dura

Answer 14

arachnoid mater

Question 15

the space between the arachnoid mater and the dura

Answer 15

subdural space

Question 16

inner most of the meninges

Answer 16

pia mater

Question 17

the delicate layer that adheres to the surface of the brain and spinal cord

Answer 17

pia mater

Question 18

the space between the pia mater and the arachnoid space

Answer 18

subarachnoid space, filled with CSF

Question 19

4 functional groups of cranial nerves

Answer 19

1) 3 cranial nerve nuclei mediate pure sensory information (vision, smell, audition) olfactory, optic, vestibulocochlear
2) five cranial nerves that mediate motor behaviors ocoluomotor, trochlear, abducens (eye movements), spinal accessory (neck muscles), hypoglossal (tongue muscles)
3) four cranial nerves mixed sensory and motor trigeminal, facial, glassopharyngeal, vagus

Question 20

label the cranial nerves in the sheep brain

Question 21

label the cranial nerves in the human brain

Question 22

holes in the skull are typically known as _____, ________, and ______

Answer 22

foramen (window), fissures, and canals

Question 23

the three levels of the cranial floor

Answer 23

1) anterior cranial fossa, middle cranial fossa, posterior cranial fossa

Question 24

anterior cranial fossa

Answer 24

contains the roof of the two orbits and nasal cavities

Question 25

middle cranial fossa

Answer 25

resembles a butterfly , and is separated from the anterior fossa by sharp ridges of bone

Question 26

the sphenoid ridge

Answer 26

the sharp ridges of bone that separate the anterior and middle cranial fossa

Question 27

posterior cranial fossa

Answer 27

contains the large foramen magnum, through which the brain and SC are continuous with each other ; also where vertebral arteries enter

Question 28

label the internal structures of the skull

Question 29

the important openings in the anterior cranial fossa are those in the ___________

Answer 29

cribriform plate

Question 30

the cribriform plate allows the tiny filaments of the _____ nerve access to the CNS

Answer 30

olfactory nerve (CN1)

Question 31

the ________ allow the passage of the cranial nerve

Answer 31

optic canals

Question 32

the optic chiasm sits in the _________

Answer 32

chiasmatic sulcus behind thethe optic canals

Question 33

the _________ separates the optic chiasm from the pituitary

Answer 33

sella tursica (saddle)

Question 34

the pituitary sits in the ________

Answer 34

hypophyseal fossa

Question 35

the ________ forms the posterior boundary of the hypophyseal fossa

Answer 35

dorsum sellae

Question 36

the __________ is the entrance for the internal carotid artery

Answer 36

foramen lacrem

Question 37

first branch of the trigeminal nerve

Answer 37

ophthalmic branch (sensory)

Question 38

the 4 nerves that exit out of the superior orbital fissure

Answer 38

1) oculomotor 2) trochlear 3) abducens 4) ophthalmic branch of the trigeminal nerve

Question 39

2nd branch of the trigeminal nerve

Answer 39

mandibular , exits through the foramen ovale

Question 40

which nerves exit via the internal acoustic meatus?

Answer 40

facial and vestibulocochlear nerve (CN VII and VIII)

Question 41

which nerves exit through the jugular foramen ?

Answer 41

glossopharyngeal, vagus, spinal accessory

Question 42

which nerve exits from the hypoglossal canal?

Answer 42

hypoglossal nerve