week 1: meninges, cranial nerves, and skull Flashcards
2 primary divisions of the nervous systems
central nervous system and peripheral nervous system
central nervous system
consists of the brain and spinal cord which are located within the skull and vertebral column
peripheral nervous system
autonomic nervous system, cranial nerves, and spinal nerves
the ____ NS conveys sensory information to the CNS and carries information from CNS to body’s organs
peripheral
peripheral nerves are distributed where?
to all sense organs, glands, and muscles on the surface of the body, smooth and cardiac muscles
covering the brain is a thick whitish material called the _________
dura mater
the thickest and outermost layer of the meninges
dura mater
2 layers of the dura mater
1) outer periostea layer , which is attached to the inner surface of the skull
2)inner meningeal layer
2 partitions of the cerebellum that separate the cerebellum and the two cerebral hemispheres
1) fall cerebri
2) tentorium
between the outer periostea layer and the inner meningeal layers are the __________
dural sinuses
arachnoid villi
small unidirectional valves from the arachnoid mater that passes CSF into the sinus
bundles of nerves in the periphery are encased in the ______
perineurium
individual axons and Schwann cells are encased in the _______
endoneurlium
the _________ lies beneath the dura
arachnoid mater
the space between the arachnoid mater and the dura
subdural space
inner most of the meninges
pia mater
the delicate layer that adheres to the surface of the brain and spinal cord
pia mater
the space between the pia mater and the arachnoid space
subarachnoid space, filled with CSF
4 functional groups of cranial nerves
1) 3 cranial nerve nuclei mediate pure sensory information (vision, smell, audition) olfactory, optic, vestibulocochlear
2) five cranial nerves that mediate motor behaviors ocoluomotor, trochlear, abducens (eye movements), spinal accessory (neck muscles), hypoglossal (tongue muscles)
3) four cranial nerves mixed sensory and motor trigeminal, facial, glassopharyngeal, vagus
label the cranial nerves in the sheep brain
label the cranial nerves in the human brain
holes in the skull are typically known as _____, ________, and ______
foramen (window), fissures, and canals
the three levels of the cranial floor
1) anterior cranial fossa, middle cranial fossa, posterior cranial fossa
anterior cranial fossa
contains the roof of the two orbits and nasal cavities
middle cranial fossa
resembles a butterfly , and is separated from the anterior fossa by sharp ridges of bone
the sphenoid ridge
the sharp ridges of bone that separate the anterior and middle cranial fossa
posterior cranial fossa
contains the large foramen magnum, through which the brain and SC are continuous with each other ; also where vertebral arteries enter
label the internal structures of the skull
the important openings in the anterior cranial fossa are those in the ___________
cribriform plate
the cribriform plate allows the tiny filaments of the _____ nerve access to the CNS
olfactory nerve (CN1)
the ________ allow the passage of the cranial nerve
optic canals
the optic chiasm sits in the _________
chiasmatic sulcus behind thethe optic canals
the _________ separates the optic chiasm from the pituitary
sella tursica (saddle)
the pituitary sits in the ________
hypophyseal fossa
the ________ forms the posterior boundary of the hypophyseal fossa
dorsum sellae
the __________ is the entrance for the internal carotid artery
foramen lacrem
first branch of the trigeminal nerve
ophthalmic branch (sensory)
the 4 nerves that exit out of the superior orbital fissure
1) oculomotor 2) trochlear 3) abducens 4) ophthalmic branch of the trigeminal nerve
2nd branch of the trigeminal nerve
mandibular , exits through the foramen ovale
which nerves exit via the internal acoustic meatus?
facial and vestibulocochlear nerve (CN VII and VIII)
which nerves exit through the jugular foramen ?
glossopharyngeal, vagus, spinal accessory
which nerve exits from the hypoglossal canal?
hypoglossal nerve
