Week 1 - Making sense of sociology

Question 1

‘The transmission or reproduction of socially patterned behaviours that exist within [a] culture’

Answer 1

Socialisation

Question 2

‘How people interpret their situation and negotiate with those around them according to that interpretation and the opportunities available to them’

Answer 2

Human Agency

Question 3

‘Rules of behaviour about how people should behave’

Answer 3

Social Norms

Question 4

‘The symbolic, learned and socially constructed aspects of society that include language, morals, values, meanings, beliefs and lifestyles, as well as scientific knowledge and technology’

Answer 4

Culture

Question 5

‘A way of acting, thinking and feeling, independent of the will of the individual’

Answer 5

Social Fact

Question 6

‘The ways human behaviour, interaction and social institutions change over time and vary across social and cultural contexts’

Answer 6

Social Construction

Question 7

‘The idea that social relations are organised along patterned lines that endure over time and that act as a constraint on the individuals living within them, even though they may not be aware of it’

Answer 7

Social Structure

Question 8

Which is a social norm?
a) some animals should not be eaten
b) it is not ok to bite into a hot cross bun that isn’t toasted or buttered
c) hard work should be rewarded

Answer 8

b) it is not ok to bite into a hot cross bun that isn’t toasted or buttered

Question 9

‘The characteristics that people regard as part of their self but which are derived from their social environment’

Answer 9

Identity

Question 10

Actions taken by individuals or groups to bring about social change or to address societal issues, often motivated by shared values or goals.

Answer 10

Social Action

Question 11

Anthony Giddens’ theory that explores the interplay between individual agency and social structures, emphasising that social practices are both shaped by and shape the structures in which they occur.

Answer 11

Structuration

Question 12

A form of colonialism where foreign settlers come to a land and establish a permanent presence, often displacing and exploiting indigenous populations and their resources.

Answer 12

Settler-Colonialism

Question 13

Frameworks or sets of beliefs, values, and practices that shape how individuals or societies understand and interpret the world, often guiding scientific research and cultural norms.

Answer 13

Paradigms

Question 14

A theoretical perspective that examines social phenomena through the lens of gender relations, emphasising the experiences and perspectives of women and advocating for gender equality.

Answer 14

Feminist Theory

Question 15

‘The ways in which European modernity has also been associated with the spread of empire by the British, French, Portuguese, Spanish, Germans, Dutch and Belgians in India, SouthEast Asia, Indonesia, Fiji, New Caledonia, the Middle East, the Caribbean, most of Africa, and Central and South America’

Answer 15

Colonialism

Question 16

‘The new social order that is believed by some sociologists to be replacing ‘modernity’ in advanced industrial societies’

Answer 16

Postmodernity

Question 17

‘The complex range of phenomena associated with the historical process, commencing in the 17th century, which saw Western societies change from an agricultural to an industrial foundation, and from a feudal to a capitalist economy’

Answer 17

Modernity

Question 18

Complex, integrated sets of social norms organised around the preservation of a basic societal value (e.g., family, education, religion).

Answer 18

Social Institutions

Question 19

‘The process by which people’s daily lives are increasingly influenced by the growing technological and economic, political and legal, social and cultural integration of people and communities around the world’

Answer 19

Globalisation

Question 20

Individuals who uncritically accept and adhere to the norms, values, and beliefs imposed by their culture without questioning or recognising the potential manipulation or control exerted by cultural forces.

Answer 20

Cultural Dupes

Question 21

The ability to see the relationship between individual experiences and larger social influences. Coined by C. Wright Mills, it involves understanding personal issues within a broader societal context.

Answer 21

Sociological Imagination

Question 22

What do sociologists study?

Answer 22

Social behaviour and human groups.
The structure and dynamics of societies.
Social institutions and processes such as family, education, religion, and government.
Social relationships and interactions.
Patterns of social inequality, such as class, race, and gender.

Question 23

A theoretical perspective that views society as composed of groups competing for scarce resources. It emphasises power, inequality, and social change. Key figures include Karl Marx and Max Weber.

Answer 23

Conflict Theory

Question 24

A theoretical perspective that views society as a complex system whose parts work together to promote stability and social order. Key figures include Emile Durkheim and Talcott Parsons.

Answer 24

Functionalism

Question 25

Structures in society that fulfil essential functions, such as family, education, religion, and the economy. They shape the behaviour of individuals and groups.

Answer 25

Social Institutions

Question 26

A concept coined by C. Wright Mills.
It is the ability to see the connection between personal experiences and larger social forces.
Informs sociological research by encouraging researchers to look beyond individual circumstances to understand the broader social context.
Helps sociologists identify and analyse how societal structures influence individual lives and vice versa.

Answer 26

Sociological Imagination

Question 27

The practice of reflecting on and critically examining one’s own beliefs, values, and research practices, as well as the influence of the sociologist’s position on their work.

Answer 27

Reflexivity in sociology

Question 28

_____ refers to the capacity of individuals to act independently and make their own free choices, as opposed to being completely determined by social structures.

Answer 28

Agency

Question 29

The shared principles, standards, and goals that are regarded as important and desirable by a society, guiding behaviour and social norms.

Answer 29

Social Values

Question 30

Who is responsible for this tripartite division of sociology ?
1. Sociology as science
2. Sociology as politics and critical theory
3. Sociology as interpretation

Answer 30

Peter Hamilton

Question 31

______ Perspective examines how societal structures and institutions work together to maintain stability and social order.

Answer 31

Functionalist

Question 32

____ Perspective analyses the power dynamics and inequalities within society, highlighting conflicts between different social groups.

Answer 32

Conflict Theory

Question 33

These are key concepts of what Perspective?
Gender, patriarchy, sexism, gender roles, and intersectionality.

Answer 33

Feminist

Question 34

These are key concepts of what Perspective?
Symbols, meanings, social interactions, identity, and social construction.

Answer 34

Symbolic Interactionism

Question 35

What Perspective examines how overlapping identities (e.g., race, gender, class) interact to create unique experiences of oppression and privilege.

Answer 35

Intersectionality Perspective

Question 36

What Perspective looks at how individuals’ education, skills, and experiences impact their economic outcomes.

Answer 36

Human Capital Perspective

Question 37

Fragmentation, hyperreality, deconstruction, and relativism are key concepts for what Perspective?

Answer 37

Postmodern Perspective

Question 38

________ give you a broad overview of a field or topic. They are normally good at describing the breadth of knowledge that exists, and they are less capable of capturing complexities and nuances.

Answer 38

Textbooks

Question 39

______ advance specific arguments on a particular issue and contain abstracts, which you can think of as mini ‘blueprints’ that describe what the (_____) are about. Some are peer-reviewed (more trustworthy sources of information).

Answer 39

Published Articles

Question 40

_____ typically outline the research findings, methodologies, theoretical frameworks, and conclusions of a specific study. They can sometimes be thought of as draft forms of published articles.

Answer 40

Conference Papers

Question 41

______ is a comprehensive work that explores topics within the field of sociology. They can cover a wide range of subjects such as social theories, specific sociological issues (e.g., inequality, deviance, family dynamics), methodologies, and case studies. They are intended to provide in-depth analysis, theoretical frameworks, empirical data, and insights into various aspects of social life and social structures.

Answer 41

Sociological Books

Question 42

_________ is a detailed, written study on a single specialised subject or an aspect of a subject, usually written by a single author. In sociology, they typically provides an in-depth analysis of a specific topic, phenomenon, or case study.

Answer 42

Monograph

Question 43

What are some examples of the different types of sociological texts

Answer 43

Journal article
Textbook
Conference paper
Book review
Monograph
Book chapter in edited volume
Sociological Book

Question 44

The process by which people’s daily lives become less integrated across the areas of economics, politics and culture.

Answer 44

De-globalisation

Question 45

The process by which people’s daily lives are increasingly influenced by the integration of economics, politics and culture around the world.

Answer 45

Globalisation

Question 46

A form of colonialism in which colonial characteristics have endured in places that were former colonies.

Answer 46

Post-colonialism