Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Pathophysiology > Week 1 - Jan 6-10 - intro to pthophys + pharmacology basics > Flashcards

Week 1 - Jan 6-10 - intro to pthophys + pharmacology basics Flashcards

1
Q

what is pathophysiology?

A

study of phsyiological changes in body as result of disease or injury

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Put in order:
cellular, tissue/rogan, system, molecular

A

molcular-> cellulular–>tissue/organ–>system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what is etiology?

A

study of cause of disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what are some etiologic factors? what does this mean

A

Cause of diseas. genetics, congenital defects, microorganism, immune dysfunction, etabolic dysfunction
- Degenerative changes
- Burns, radiation, other trauma, inflammation
- Other environmental factors
- Nutritional deficiencies or excess

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what is pathologya nd what is pathogensis ?

A

pathology - lab study of cell adn tissue assoc w disease
Pathogenesis - event involved in development of a disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what are the two biggest chronic diseases in our day and age?

A

cancer and heart disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what does idiopathic mean?

A

the cause of disease is unkown

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what does latrogenic mean?

A

a treatment or procedure or error caused the disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

predisposing factors

A

risk factors/beahviorus taht promote dvelopment of a disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

prophylaxis?

A

measures taken to preserve health/prevent osnet or progression of disease - could be lifestyle, pharamceutical

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

onset of a disease can be ____ or ____
The disease iteself can ve

A

acute or insidious
disease itself can be acute or chronic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what aer diseases classified by?

A

classified by stages, states and pariods

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

waht is incubation period, subclincial state and prodromal period

A

incubation - no clinical signs
sibnlcinical stae - can be measured in blood but not symptoms present
prodromal epriod - non specific symptoms/vague

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

the time between exposure to a virus and the strat of symptoms is called

A

incubation period

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

fatigure for motnhs but pathophysiological basis is unkown represents the ____ period

A

prodromal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

high cholesterol and but no symptoms represents ____ in terms of disease classification

A

subclinical state

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

is fever a sign or sumptom, what baout pain?

A

fever = sign,pain = sumptom

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

what do remission and excerbations give infro about in terms of disase

A

Progression of disease
exacerbations - goal is to rpevent

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

some disease symtpoms are triggered by a ____ factor

A

precipitating

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

what si disease prognosis ?

A

probability for recovery from disease vs othet outcomes (eg morbidity and mortality)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

what is difference between prevalence and incidcen?

A

prevalence = new + old cases
incidence = new (contribute to prevalence)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

what is non-communciable diseae? communicable?

A

nto spread vs spread

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

what is an epidemic?

A

highher than normal exprcted # of cases of an infection or disease in given area

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

what is a pandemic?

A

higher numbers around the world

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
waht is an endemic?
disease regularly douns ina specific population or area
26
Are changes in DNA permanet or temporaty cell changes?
permanent changes in strucure and funcitn - tissue damage + tissues
27
what are some xamples of cellular changes?
modified by hromones, environment change in DNA damage due to metabolic processes atropju, hypertrophy hyperplasia
28
what is metaplasia?
a mature cell type si replaced by a different mature cell type
29
what is dysplasia?
could be precancerous - cells replaced vary in size, shap, nuclear size/mitotic rate
30
what is neoplasia?
ucontrolled/abormal -cna be bening or malignant (beinng = not cancerosu/cant spread)
31
in cancer __ can rpogress ot ___ to__. Why these cahnges bad?
metaplasia to dysplasia to neoplasia. Bad because cells acting otuisde of what they should be doing
32
what are the 2 ways of cell death and what do they. mean
Apoptosis - programmed cell death - debris engufed. by phagocytes necrosis - injury/disease leads to cell death
33
what is pharmacology? It examines what about a drug?
study of medications or chemical copounds that interact with some parts of the body to produce a certain effect examines drugs action, dosage, theraperutic use and adverse effects
34
what are some reasons a person might take a drug?
mental health. pain, prevenetion, hormone regulation, healthbenefits
35
N-acetyl-para-aminophenol (APAP) is the ___ name of ____
chemical name of tylenol/acetaminophen
36
acetaminophen is the ____ name of ___
generic name of tylenol (brand name)
37
the dose of a drug is defined as...
the precise amount of active ingredient in the medicaiton
38
what are drugs often combined with and why
drug dose is often combiend iwth inactive substances to help fill oout medicaiton, make it more convenient and increase effective of getting to target in body
39
what are the 3 phases of drug action and what is the goal
pharmaceutical --> pharmacokinetics --> pahrmacodynamic goal: get drug from point of entry to target tissue
40
what is the pharmaceutical phase?
how drug professes from when it is admisntered to being dissolved in solution
41
what are the two different routes a drug cold take in the pharmaceutical phase/
enteral and parenteral
42
what are the 3 way of enteral routes of drug administartion. what are teh the three ways of parenteral adminsitration?
enteral: oral, sublingual (under tongue), rectal parenteral - injections, inhaltion, transdermal
43
what are the three types of injections in order from most to least effective.
IV (intravenous)> intramuscular (IM) > subcutaneous
44
what factors could affect the pharmaceutical phase of drug action?
abilty to keep teh drug in, state o drug( pill vs cruh vs liquid), what u ate(contents in stomach), timed released
45
the pharmacokinetic pahse is the effect of the ___ on the ___ while the pharmacodynamic pahse is the effect of the ___ on the ___
body on the drug drug on the body
46
Iv may be the most effective because it bypasses ___
the absorption phase of pharmokientics
47
what are the 4 phases in pharmacokinetics?
absorption, distrubtion, metabolism, elimination
48
what is the the bioavailability of a drug? what phaes imapct this?
% of drug that gets to ntarget tissue in active form. Asborption, distubtion and metabolism in pharmacokinetics
49
where does absorption of a drug occur?
small intesitin (GI tract)
50
in absoptino we have to somehow get the drug across ____l.. this could be by
across cell - pinocytosis, active transpottaiton, passoce diffucion?
51
what are two main factors that can imapct absorption explaijn
how the drug was adminsiteredd oral is least effective: due to drug coating + GI contents IV is most effective > IM >subq blood supply - to GI tract
52
why is oral least effective method of drug administration?
Gi content, drug coatin, also has to go thru fist-pass metbaoism in liver
53
what are the 3 factosr taht impact distrubtion of the drug?
- concentraion of the drug absorbed - % bound to plasma protein albumin - blood flow to tissue
54
metabolism of drugs occurs primarily in the __ hwere it is _____. and ___
liver where it si inactivated by enzymes and prepared for excretion
55
elimination of a drug is by the ____ ad also some by __
kidneys some by bile, sweat, feces respiration
56
draw a graph of drug effect vs dose
57
draw a graph of drug concentration (in the blood) vs time
58
a garph of drug conentraion vs time would represent the ___ phase of drug action
pharmacokinetics
59
a graph of drug effect vs dose would effect
pharmacodynamic
60
what is the therapeutic action of a drug
stimualtion or inhibtion of a function - for xmaple infleunce enyme activity
61
what is drug potency
strength of a drug at particular dose
62
efficacy and potency are part of ___ phase of drication
pharmacodynamic
62
what is drug efficacy
the max effect aht can be achieved by a drug - effect of drug onr ecpetor once its bounds)
63
potency goes ___ and correaltes with ___ axis
x axis - left to right
64
efficacy correaltes with th ___ axis
Y
65
if the graph shifts upwards efficacy____
increases
66
if teh pharmacodynamic graph shifts right potency ___
decreases - more dose is needed to achiece resposne
67
if pharmacodynamic graph shifts left potency ____
potency increase
68
what are indications?
aproved uses for the drug which have been rpoven effective
69
what are off label-uses
uses of drug shown tobesomwhat efftice but not originally approved
70
aerobic exrcise impacts ____ of. a drug
pharmacokinetics
71
aspirings ____would be a pain med bu the _____ is for anticlotting
off label use is anticlottin - indicaiotn is pain med
72
what are contraindicaitons of drug
sitatuions ehre drug should not be taken
73
what are side effect and adverse effects of a dtug
side effect - unwatne or unintentded ations - usually mild adverse effects - more serious side effects
74
stomach bleeding be side or adverse effect
adverse
75
would hyeprsensitivty be side or adverse
adverse
76
what is a diosyncratic reaction?
unsualr espisne - eg stimulat when should be sedatice
77
what is latrogenic effect?
adverse effect due to error in doafe
78
what is teratogenic effect?
harmful to fetus
79
potentiating antagonist effect means
when combiend with another drug inhibits the effect
80
what is a drugs therapeutic index?
rator between toxic dose and min dose
81
what is the minimum effective dose
amoutn tha tproduces desried efective and minimized potential toxic effect
82
what are some factors that influence blood levels of a drug
ge * Genetic factors * Food and fluid intake * Health status, presence of other diseases, chronic or acute * Liver and kidney function * Absorption, metabolism and excretion * Circulation and cardiovascular function * Body weight and proportion of fat tissue * Activity level, exercise
83
how phsycial activity might imapct a drug profile sweating - some of the drug
Absorpotion: icnreased blood flow - mroe or less absorption Distrubution: blood flow redistrubution - blood diverted - decrease distrubtion of drug metabollism - imapct enzyem activity? sweatinf - some of teh drug eliminate dby swera
84

Pathophysiology (11 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions