Week 1 - Introduction To Leadership

Question 1

What was the ideology about leadership between 1900-1929? (2)

Answer 1

• There was an emphasis on control and centralisation of power
• Leader such as Napoleon and Lincoln were assumed to born with leadership characteristics

Question 2

What was Moore’s (1927) definition of leadership?

Answer 2

Leadership is the ability to impress the will of the leader on those led and induce obedience, respect , loyalty, and cooperation

Question 3

What was the ideology of leadership in the 1930s?

Answer 3

Emphasis on traits, the idea of leadership as a process of influence rather than domination starts to emerge

Question 4

What was the ideology of leadership in the 1940s?

Answer 4

Start of the group approach and focus shifts towards the study of behaviours with the emphasis on studying individual behaviours while involved in group activities

Question 5

What was the ideology of leadership in the 1950s?

Answer 5

Emphasis on leadership as a relationship that develops shared goals and attempts to conceptualise leadership effectiveness

Question 6

What was the ideology of leadership in the 1960s?

Answer 6

Emphasis on leadership as a behaviour that influences people towards shared goals

Question 7

What was the ideology of leadership in the 1970s?

Answer 7

leadership was about initiating and maintaining groups or organisations to accomplish group of organisational goals

Question 8

What was the ideology of leadership in the 1980s? (2)

Answer 8

• Leadership viewed as a transformational process (Burns, 1978)
• Resurgence of the trait approach

Question 9

Which leadership approaches came in the 1990s and is still present (6)

Answer 9

• Authentic leadership
• Spiritual leadership
• Servant Leadership
• Adaptive Leadership
• Followership - arguments that you can’t be a leader without followers
• Discursive leadership - people truly believing in you as a leader and your leadership methods

Question 10

What is the definition of leadership? (According to Yukl, Northouse, Gerstner and Day)

Answer 10

leadership is the ability to influence a group people towards a common goal/objective

Question 11

What are the two types of influence leaders can have?

Answer 11

Direct influence
Indirect influence

Question 12

What is meant by direct influence and what are the benefits of it?

Answer 12

• Occurs when leader have direct interaction with followers e,g face to face, emails etc
• Helpful when fixing a situation and employees seeing you as a leader and wanting to be a part of your followship

Question 13

What is meant by indirect influence?

Answer 13

Cascading through an organisation - top down perspective on leadership going down the organisational structure

Question 14

What are Yukl’s thoughts on the relationship between Leaders, followers and context?

Answer 14

Leadership is contextual and situational, meaning that effective leadership depends on the interaction between the leader, followers, and the environment.

Question 15

What is the difference between Leadership and Management?

Answer 15

• Leadership is primarily about influence, change, and innovation, focusing on vision, direction, and inspiring others. Viewed as Skill that can be developed
• Management focuses more on efficiency, stability, and execution, dealing with processes like planning, budgeting, and problem-solving. (overseeing day-to-day operations/assigning tasks and is more people orientated)

Question 16

What are the 4 approaches to Leadership? (Yukl, 2013)

Answer 16

• Trait approach
• Contingency Approach
• Power and Influence Approach
• Behavioural approach

Question 17

What is the Trait Appraoch (Yukl, 2013)

Answer 17

Focuses on identifying the personal characteristics (traits) that distinguish effective leaders from others. Common traits associated with leadership include self-confidence, intelligence, and sociability.

Question 18

What is the behavioural approach?

Answer 18

Examines the specific behaviours and actions of leaders rather than their traits. It distinguishes between task-oriented (getting the job done) and people-oriented behaviours (focusing on relationships).

Question 19

What is the contingency approach?

Answer 19

Highlights that leadership effectiveness depends on the fit between the leader’s behaviour, the situation, and followers. This means no single leadership style is best in all situations.

Question 20

What is the power and influence approach?

Answer 20

Considers the types of power (e.g., legitimate, expert, reward, coercive) a leader uses and how they influence followers.

Question 21

What are Yukl’s thoughts on what makes a successful leader?

Answer 21

that successful leaders must adapt their behaviour and strategies to different situations, showing flexibility in their leadership style

Question 22

What are the 3 main Leadership theories? (Yukl, 2013)

Answer 22

• Transformational Leadership: Focuses on leaders who inspire and motivate followers to exceed expectations, often through a compelling vision.
• Transactional Leadership: Based on an exchange process, where leaders provide rewards or punishments depending on followers’ performance.
• Servant Leadership: Emphasizes serving others, placing the needs of followers above the leader’s self-interest.

Question 23

What are the emerging Issues in Leadership? (Yukl, 2013)

Answer 23

ethical leadership, the role of emotional intelligence, and the growing importance of shared and distributed leadership, where leadership is not confined to one individual but shared among team members.

Question 24

What are Northouse’s 4 essential elements of leadership?

Answer 24

Process: Leadership is not a static characteristic, but an ongoing dynamic interaction between leader and followers.

Influence: Central to leadership is the ability to influence others, without which leadership cannot exist.

Groups: Leadership occurs in a group context, requiring directing people towards a common goal.

Common Goals: Leaders and followers work together to achieve mutually agreed-upon outcomes.

Question 25

What is the difference between in the trait leadership and Process leadership perspectives? (Northouse, 2019)

Answer 25

• Trait Perspective: This view suggests that some individuals are born with leadership traits or qualities that make them more effective leaders. It emphasises inherent characteristics.
• Process Perspective: Leadership is viewed as something that can be learned and developed over time through interaction, making leadership accessible to everyone.

Question 26

what’s the difference between assigned and emergent leadership?

Answer 26

• Assigned Leadership: Leadership roles that are given based on a formal position within an organization (e.g., manager, supervisor).
• Emergent Leadership: When an individual naturally assumes a leadership role within a group due to their actions, behaviours, and influence, rather than a formal title.

Question 27

What are the two type of power a leader can have?

Answer 27

Position Power and Personal Power

Question 28

What is meant by position power?

Answer 28

Is power derived from holding a formal position or title (e.g., legitimate, reward, coercive powers).

Question 29

What is meant by personal power?

Answer 29

Is power that stems from an individual’s personal traits, such as expert (in their work/field) and referent (their ability to attract followers based on their likability, charisma, and the respect or admiration they inspire) power