Week 1: Introduction

Question 1

Define intrapersonal/intragroup processes

Answer 1

Relations with the self (e.g. self-esteem) or the group (e.g. norms/identity roles)

Question 2

Define interpersonal/intergroup processes

Answer 2

How we relate to individuals of how groups relate to one and other.

Question 3

What are some factors that make groups come together? (3)

Answer 3

-Common fate (e.g. persecution/stigmatization)
-Status/roles/relationships (e.g. family/organizations)
-Incidental face-to-face membership (e.g. people on the bus)

Question 4

What are the two types of groups?

Answer 4

Common bond groups (e.g work/sports) where there is attachment between group members who have similar interests/likes.
Common identity groups (e.g. nationality/gender) with attachment to group as a whole, where the identity of the group is meaningful.

Question 5

what are examples of social aggregate groups?

Answer 5

Groups without any value or connection are people on the bus, in lines, or crowds, etc.

Question 6

What are the 8 factors that determine a group according to Lickel et al., (2000) (8)

Answer 6

Interaction, Importance, Goals, Outcomes, Similarity, Duration, Permeability, Size

Question 7

What are the 3 key arguments of evolutionary Theory?

Answer 7

• Historically relied on groups to survive
• Genetic predisposition to trust/help those closest to us/that share genetic markers.
  -This preference is inevitable

Question 8

How does an Authoritarian personality make you feel towards other?

Answer 8

It makes you prejudiced towards all minorities/outgroups, and may involve conservative values, submission to authority, generalized hostility, stereotyped thinking

Question 9

What is the basis of Social dominance theory

Answer 9

That different people have different attitudes towards status and power hierarchies, e.g., those with high SDO want their ingroup to dominate outgroups, usually justified by legitimizing myths or ideologies.

Question 10

system justification theory

Answer 10

People are motivated to justify their surrounding systems as fair and legitimate to have a sense of certainty and control over their lives, especially within the most disadvantaged groups.

Question 11

How does Relative deprivation theory relate to aggression?

Answer 11

The idea that aggression comes form the discrepancy of how someone is living and what they think they deserve

Question 12

What does Realistic conflict theory argue is the basis for intergroup conflict?

Answer 12

It is based on competition for scarce resources, and how a groups interests can conflict with one and other causing relations to deteriorate.

Question 13

What do the two types of realistic and symbolic threat mean in intergrated threat theory?

Answer 13

That realistic threat is a threat to safety, economy, well-being, and resources. While symbolic threat is a threat to values, culture, belief-systems, religion, and worldviews.

Question 14

How does the social identity theory approach the formation of self-concept?

Answer 14

It states our self-concept comes from memberships in social groups, and that this identity is a two way relationship between it’s effect on us and our effect on others (inside and outside of the group)

Question 15

What are 4 weaknesses of evolutionary theory?

Answer 15

-Doesn’t explain changes in intergroup relationships
-Different intergroup hostility levels among members through stereotypes/conflict.
- Hard to test.
-Irrelevant to current social climate.

Question 16

Where does and authoritarian personality come from within development?

Answer 16

Your parents! Because they feel guilty or fearful towards them they displace their prejudice onto minority groups/weaker individuals

Question 17

Why do studies believe that low-status groups may maintain their own subordination? And what is the opposing argument?

Answer 17

Because they show outgroup favoritism, but also have high collective self-esteem regardless of discrimination and actively resist the status quo.

Question 18

What are the two environments that people have seen SDO (social dominance orientation) change in that suggest it isn’t just a personality variable?

Answer 18

• Based on who is benefiting from the hierarchy int he situation
• Increases (law/business) and decreases (humanities/social sciences) in university settings

Question 19

What is egoistic relative deprivation?

Answer 19

Feeling like you have less then you’re entitled to, relative to your own aspirations, dreams, or comparisons with others.

Question 20

What is fraternalistic relative deprivation?

Answer 20

The idea that your group has less then it’s entitled to based on their aspirations and relative to what others have.

Question 21

Although categorization in social identity approach makes the social world less complex and helps create more meaning/self-definition, what are it’s consequences?

Answer 21

it can minimalize differences (cause assimilation) or maximalism them (accentuation)

Question 22

How does positive distinctiveness underpin social comparisons in the social identity approach?

Answer 22

It makes us want to believe our group is good/better then other groups, because that boosts our self-concept and self-esteem.

Question 23

What are the 4 socio-structural factors influencing group-based behavior?

Answer 23

1. Groups position
2. Permeability
3. Stability
4. Legitimacy