Week 1 - Intro to Operating Systems - basic commands Flashcards
What are paths?
Paths are locations of files and directories
which path to take…. hmm…
What are file systems? 3
File systems are the organization of files and directories, keep track of files, and are assigned to a drive letter
cabinet of files….each cabinet is a drive letter…
What are root directories? What does it look like?
A root directory is the parent for all other directories in the file system
root….tree roots…to branches…
‘C:'
What are subdirectories separated by?
Subdirectories are separated by a backward slash \
What are Linux subdirectories separated by?
Linux subdirectories are separated by a forward slash /
Which feature tracks disk consumption more accurately?
Disk Quotas
What is ‘size on a disk’?
An estimate of a compressed file or size of the file minus parts that were taken away
If neither of those, then it’s the size reported by the FindFirstFile function rounded up
What’s the difference between command prompt and PowerShell?
PowerShell does what command prompt can but can do much more
What is the list directory command we used in PowerShell?
What’s a parameter you can add to the end of the line?
ls
ls C:\
What’s a parameter?
a value you can add to a command
The C drive root folder is called a ______ and the contents inside are considered a ________
C Drive root folder is a parent directory and contents inside are the child directories
Which child directory contains most of the applications and programs installed on Windows?
Program Files (x86)
What command do we use to see a description of the ls command on windows? How do you get a more detailed version?
Get-Help ls
Get-Help ls -full
What command do you use to see all the hidden files in a drive? Windows
ls -Force C:\
What directory is the main directory in a Linux filesystem?
Root directory
What is a flag? Linux Is there an equivalent in Windows?
A flag lets us customize a command with a specific action
How do you use a flag? Linux
A flag is used as a hyphen and then the flag command
What flag lets you view what options are available for a command? Linux
–help
(two hyphens)
What command in linux lets us see manual pages for commands we can use?
man
Flags always contain ____
at least 1 hyphen in front
What linux command allows us to view information in a long list format?
-l
Can you combine 2 flags together? How would that look like?
Yes
-l -a = -la
What does the order of a flag determine?
The order of flags determines what order it goes in
How do you hide a file or directory in Linux?
put a dot at the beginning of the file
Do flags in Linux go before or after a command?
Flags go after the main command
What are the 2 different types of paths? Windows
- Relative
- Absolute
Describe the 2 different types of paths, how are they different? Windows
- Absolute - path starts from the main directory
- Relative - path starts from the current directory
What windows command tells you what directory you’re in?
pwd
What does the pwd command stand for? windows
Print Working Directory
what command allows us to change the directory we’re in? windows
cd
to use the change directory command, what else do we need to specify?
the path/directory we want to change to
What does an absolute path look like? windows
C:\user\vanes\documents
full path name
What does a relative path look like? windows (Explain in more detail)
a relative path consists of directories that are relative to our location (close proximity)
What’s the windows shortcut to go up one directory level?
cd ..
What does a Windows relative path shortcut look like?
cd ..\directory
cd .\inthesamedirectory
How do you use the windows relative path shortcut to get to the >home directory<?
cd ~
cd ~\Desktop
What’s the name for this ~ symbol?
tilde
Explain what tab completion is?
tab lets us autocomplete file names and directories
What does seeing a dot in front of a file name mean?
means it’s the current directory
What’s the Windows command to make a new directory?
mkdir
How do you substitute spaces when creating a new directory file name? 3
- underscore
- single quote around file name
- Back tick after each file name word
What’s the escaping character for PowerShell?
back tick
What’s the escaping character for Linux?
back slash
What’s the command to see a list of commands entered earlier?
history
How do you scroll to a previous command generated from the history command?
arrow keys
What’s the command shortcut to search through your history of commands?
ctrl + r
What’s the command to clear the screen when it’s too messy with prompts?
clear
What’s the command to copy a file? What else does it need? w
cp
cp (file name and extension) (path to copy to)
What’s a wildcard? w
tells the computer to select multiple items (files) with similar patterns by using a character (like an asterisk)
like all *.pdfs, all *.jpgs
How would you copy multiple files of the same type to another location? What does it look like? w
cp *.jpeg ~\filelocationtocopyto
How would you copy a directory and its contents? Windows
cp ‘Folder Name’ C:\Root\Sub\Sub -Recurse -Verbose
How would you copy a directory and contents in linux?
cp -r ‘directory name’ (location)
What command to rename a file?
mv
Example for Windows:
mv .\FileToBeRenamed newfilename
(.\ as file is in the same directory and keeping it there)
How do you keep the file you’re renaming in the same directory (not moving it)?
mv .\filename renamedfile
(Windows)
How do you move multiple files? w
With a wildcard asterisk to target “patterns”
How do you view a directory and then move a file from that directory?
cd to switch to desired directory cd .\foldername
ls to view files in directory
mv
What would the command look like to move a document.txt into the documents directory from the desktop on Linux?
mv ‘document.txt’ ~/Documents
(works without single quotes too)
What’s the command to remove a file/directory?
rm or remove
What flag do you insert to bypass the PowerShell warning before deleting a directory that holds system or regular directory files? 2
-Force for system files
-Recursive for regular directories
How do you remove a directory in Linux with a space in the folder name?
rm -r My\ TextFile
What are the escaped commands for Windows and Linux? (spaces for files)
Linux backslash \
Windows back tick `
What are the 6 main directory types in Linux?
- /bin - essential binaries (commands, programs, like ProgramFiles Windows)
- /etc - stores important system configuration files
- /home - personal directory (pictures, desktop, documents, etc)
- /proc - info about currently running processes
- /user - user directory for user-installed software
- /bar - stores system logs and any file that constantly changes
A parameter is to Windows as ____ is to Linux
a flag
How do you hide a file in Linux?
prepend a dot at the beginning of the filename
What does a relative path command to go up one level look like?
it will take you up one level relative to where you are
cd ..
You’re in vanes\Documents, you want to get to the Desktop which is up one level. What command can you use instead of cd.. then cd Desktop?
Windows
cd ..\Desktop
or
cd ~\Desktop
What is the shortcut for the path to your home directory on Windows?
cd ~\filepath
For example:
cd ~\Desktop
no matter how far you are from home directory
PowerShell doesn’t understand ___
spaces
What’s the escaping character used for Windows and Linux?
Windows = back tick `
Linux = backslash \
What’s a shortcut to change directories to another directory in the current directory? Windows
cd .\directoryincurrentdirectoryname
What’s the recursive flag for Linux?
-r
When copying a file or directory what needs to go around the filename if you get an error?
single quotes (when copying, moving a directory) if copying/moving it without quotes doesn’t work
What’s a shortcut when renaming a file to keep it in the same directory? It also indicates that the file name we want to change is in the same directory.
Windows
mv .\bluefile.txt yellowfile.txt
(blue being renamed to yellow but staying in the same directory and also indicating that the file name we want to change is in the same directory)
How do you move multiple files?
- asterisk wildcard character
On Windows, how do you remove an entire directory?
rm ~\foldername -recursive
On Windows, how do you remove a file and bypass not having permission to remove it?
-Force parameter
rm C:\Users\vanes\important_system_file -Force
