Week 1 intro to Mental health & illness Flashcards
What 2 traits are critical to mental health?
Adaptability
resilience
What is mental health?
well being
person feels like they can
- cope
- knows their abilities
- work productively
- contribute to the community
What is resilience?
the ability to manage or cope with significant adversity or stress.
-builds so we can make it through future challenges
Some risks/challenges to mental health
- chaotic, unsafe or dangerous environments
- early losses or traumas
- loss of social support
- experiences that undermine self-confidence
- unhealthy social conditions
- chronic illness
- genetic causes
- biochemical causes
Mental health problem/challenge
Diminished capacities – whether cognitive, emotional, interpersonal, etc. that interfere with a person’s enjoyment of life ..”
Mental illness
All diagnosable mental disorders with definable diagnoses
Alterations in
-cognition (alzhiemers),
-mood (major depressive do) - behaviour (schizophrenia) that are
coupled with significant distress and impaired functioning
Can vary in impact, ranging from no impairment to mild, moderate, and even severe
Serious mental illness (hospitalized)
A mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder resulting in serious functional impairment, which substantially interferes with or limits one or more major life activities.
intensive therapy
What is the goal of serious (hospital) mental illness?
improve function
what was the intent of the DSM-5?
to provide criteria and constant between health care providers
what are some cons to the DSM5?
misunderstandings with class, culture, gender, misdiagnosis, labeling
What was the first model of care for people with mental illness?
Mad house/insane assylums
what was the second model of care for people with mental illness?
Moral treatment
goal is to provide humane treatment
stopped abuse
straight jackets and force feedings were thought to be therapeutic
What was the third model of care for people with mental illness?
Social reform
Dix
asylums for treating people so they wouldn’t be with criminals
What act kept people in assylums?
The insanity act
What was the goal of manitoba’s assylums and what actually happened?
goal: treatment
actual: overcrowding & mistreatment & abuse
What model of care prevailed before the 1950s?
Medical model of care
nurses provided custodial care only
Who published the theory of interpersonal relations in 1952?
Hildegard Peplau
what theory described the central role of nursing in care via the therapeutic nurse-client relationship?
The theory of interpersonal relations
What are the 4 tenants of deinstitutionalzation?
- Effective medications
- Canadian mental health association
- Government Support
- Patient rights - Canada Health act, manitoba mental health act
What was the point of psychoanalytical theory?
personality & mental illness from unresolved issues in childhood
What is the point of humanistic theory?
people are good
self actualization
maslow’s hierarchy
what is the purpose of behavioural theories?
pavlov
motivation in behaviour change
psych ward happens a lot here
What’s the point of cognitive theory?
thoughts before actions
CBT
challenge negative thoughts
WHat’s the point of biological theories?
neurological
chemical
genetic
all part of disease process
psychopharm
What is stigma?
“negative attitudes or behaviours toward a person or group based on a belief that they possess negative traits”
Halter, Pollard & Jakubec (2019, p. 746)
Often, the stigma of mental illness has a greater negative impact on an individual than the illness itself.
What are the 9 aspects of stigma?
Public or social stigma - stereotypig
labelling - watching how we talk about mental illnesses
Avoidance of seeking care - 60% won’t get help b/c of stigma
separating “them” from “us”
subconsious. actions show what we are thinking
stigma by HCP - drug seeking
self-stigma
Discrimination - employment/housing - jobs, addiction recovery centre
cultural variations
research funding - more given to others ,not mental health
why do we learn the history of psychiatric care?
to help us reduce stigma and discrimination against people with mental illness and/or mental health problems
what theory emerged when stigma was challenged and is foundational to the provision of nursing care in Mental Health ?
Recovery & the philosophy of Recovery Oriented practice
who controls things in the bio medical model?
Top Down Approach- psychiatrist tells patients what to do or what to take. But now the person is involved in directing their path
What is the goal of recovery-oriented practice?
Maximum functioning
not a cure
Who is in control with recovery - oriented practice?
The patient - their lived experience
they take control and regain power - needed for self-dignity and self-determiniation
Is recovery oriented practice a destination with an end point or a path?
a path
meaning, hope, purpose, fullfilling their dreams
what do mental health care workers need to tap into in the recovery-oriented practice?
the person’s potential of recovery
Is recovery linear or non-linear?
non-linear
What is the cornerstone of care in the recovery model?
empathy
aspects of psychoanylitic/psychodynamic theroies
- freud
- conscious and unconscious
- nurse can show empathy and ask about past patterns
What are defense mechanisms?
ward off anxiety
prevents conscious awareness of threatening feelings
- unconscious level
- deny, falsify or distort reality
repression
not allowing yourself to feel
suppression
putting feelings out of your consciousness
transference
patient feels about the nurse as they do about the significant other in their past
counter transference
the nurses’ unconscious response to the patient
- reminds them of someone from their personal life so they may feel angry or overprotective
Aspects of interpersonal theory
- personality = behaviour we see in interpersonal relationships
- anything interpersonal like group therapy etc is good
Sullivan, Stack, Peplau - Peplau - observation, interpretation and intervention - therapeutic method
Aspects of behaviour theories
pavlov, skinner, watson
- personality is just learned behaviours
-someone’s destiny is not carved in stone at an early age as psychoanalysts believed
Aspects of cognitive theories
Beck, Ellis
Ellis - REBT
Beck- CBT
cognitions are based on attitudes or assumptions from previous experiences
- cognitive distortions
Aspects of humanistic theories
Abraham, maslow, rogers
- human potential and free will to choose patterns that are supportive of growth
- self-actualization
- patient’s strengths
- *must meet physiological needs first - food, comfort, shelter
- congruence, positive regard, unconditional acceptance
Aspects of biological theories
- neurological, chemical, biological genetic
- brain & body interact with create emotions, memories and perceptual experience
- in the limbic system of the brain
caution - ignores other influences, social, environmental, cultural, economic, spiritual, educational
