Week 1: History/Imagines of Nursing Flashcards
A nurse who displays self-less concern for others is exhibiting one of the following?
A. Accountability
B. Altruism
C. Responsibility
D. Autonomy
Altruism
In early civilization women were _______________
hired by privileged families to care for the sick and to assist with childbirth; Shiphrah and Puah were midwives who saved the baby Moses
___________ carried a staff intertwined with serpents, representing wisdom and immorality
Aesclepius
____________→ father of medicine
Hippocrates
In early civilization in India public hospitals were staffed by ______
males nurses
The first military hospital was in Europe in Rome.
Military hospitals were exclusively ______
men who, developed to care for the injured
During the first bubonic plague, the ______ took care of people
Catholic church: Nuns, and monks cared for the bulk of sick or orphaned
In the middle age, wives of emperors and other wealthy women could become nurses: mostly midwives. seen as_______
Seen as charitable works
_________ were orders during Crusades to be nurses
Male Military
The cross used during the _______became a badge and forerunner for the design of many health care emblems and nursing pins.
Crusades
During the dark ages of nursing ______
Nursing no longer appealed to women of high social status; care of the sick was regulated to common women who wer perceived as no better than prisoners, thieves, alcoholics, and prostitutes
Reformation decreased availability of monks & nuns who cared for sick in middle ages
In the _______Nursing was considered an undesirable job with poor pay, long hours, and strenuous work that was considered menial.
renaissance period
Religious nursing orders grew out of great concern for _______
social welfare
Sisters of Charity—recruited _______ for nurse training, developed educational programs and cared for abandoned children. For centuries to follow nurse training came from religious orders.
young women
In _____ Florence Nightingale attended Kaiserswerth to train as a nurse
1851
In 1854 Florence nightingale
lead nurses in the Crimean War
________ ended military men being nurses
Florence Nightingale
Nightingale required her nurses to be _______
white women who is single
___________ was a Black nurse from Jamaica who played a major role in the Crimean War
Was denied the opportunity to join Nightingale’s nursing brigade because she was Black
Opened a lodging house with her own money to care for sick and wounded soldiers
Contributed to control of the cholera epidemic through extensive knowledge in tropical medicine
Honored by the Jamaican government and the British Commonwealth with a medal for saving the lives of countless sick and wounded soldiers
Mary Seacole
white women were accepted before
black men and black women
______ was the founder of prof nursing. Introduced principles of asepsis and infection control, a system for transcribing physician’s orders, and a system to maintain patient records
Florence Nightingale
In the civil war period there were _____ nurses that served in the war
2,000
__________ A teacher appointed to organize military hospitals, provide trained nurses, and disperse supplies; she received no official status and no salary for this position
- she was much into mental health
Dorothea Dix
_____was a teacher originally, then a social reformer. Age 39 helped in civil war as superintendent of nurses in the army, no formal nurse training available yet. Also founded asylums for the indigent and mentally ill.
Dorthea Dix
_______ cared for wounded soldiers and conducted an “underground railroad” to lead slaves to freedom
Harriet Tubman
________, known for her abolitionist efforts, as well as her nursing efforts, was an advocate of clean and sanitary conditions so patients could heal
Sojourner Truth
_____ although hired in the laundry, worked full time as a nurse on the battlefront with no pay or pension; not considered an official Union Army nurse
Susie King Taylor
_______ operated a war relief program; credited with founding the American Red Cross in 1882
Clara Barton
Founder of the red cross is
Clara Barton
_____ authored detailed account of her experience as a volunteer nurse during the war for a newspaper publication entitled Hospital Sketches
Louisa May Alcott
The US firest trained nurse graduate was _____, who graduated in____
Linda Richards in 1873
Trained nurses had higher ____
social status
Linda Richards graduated in
1873 in Boston
established the first school of nursing for Black women at the Atlanta Baptist Seminary, now known as ______
Spelman College
**think Sabrina Spellman was separated from the humans and witches
States started to pass legislation requiring “nursing registration” in _____
1910 (after WWI)
in 1910 ____
Required entry level for nursing students was upgraded to high school graduate
NEEDED more education to be a nurse
____ was the founder of the lower east side tenements of NYC (helped with basis public health nursing)
Lillian Wald
___________established the Frontier Nursing Service (FNS) in 1925 in rural Kentucky to assist disadvantaged women and children; documented the impact of nursing services on improving the health of communities; well known for midwifery services
Mary Breckinridge
In _____, Yale first modern day BSN with 4 years college
1920
Goldmark report of 1923
advocated university education for nurses and argued that public health nursing must include training in basic hospital nursing.
The first BSN program was at yale in _____
1923
______ was the first legislation to assist special populations and provide public health nurses with resources to promote the health and well-being of women, infants, and children. (Combat high infant mortality rates)
Sheppard-Towner Act (1921)
The Great Depression nurses were forced to
join the ranks of the unemployed
_______ Act of 1943—first instance of federal funding to support nurse training
Need to help people finically become a nurs
Nurse Training
What act helped ppl finicially become a nurse?
Nurse Training Act of 1943
In 1945 _____ helped changed the armed forces nurses corp to allow black nruses
Mabel Keaton Staupers
During WWII nursing and teaching became
the main profession outside the home for women
By ______, all states had adopted the State Board Test Pool (NXLEC)
1950
______provided funding to construct hospitals; created a hospital construction boom that increased the demand for professional nurses
Hill-Burton Act in 1960
In 1960_____ and ____ acts were made to fund healthcare
Medicaid and Medicare
_______is a federal program that provides health coverage if you are 65+ or under 65 and have a disability, no matter your income.
Medicare
______ is a state and federal program that provides health coverage if you have a very low income.
Medicaid
____ caused Hospital occupancy increased, resulting in an increased need for hospital nurses
Medicare
In 1960s were nurses poorly paid?
yes
Women’s liberation movement was in _____
1970s
Nurse practitioners began to be recognized as viable and cost effective providers of comprehensive health service in _____
1970
In 1970 due to the nursing movement there were and increasing number of ____ in the nursing field
men
Nursing in 1950 was a
tight job market
DIagnosis related gorup sytem (DRG):
standardized upfront payment encourages cost containment. Example: c section or appendectomy. Any complication not covered.
Discharge fast = earn a profit
Getting an infection in hospital = lost money
In 1980s there was an increasing number of homeless and the ____
AIDS pandemic occured
In 1980 there was an increased in homeless due to _______
- cutting RN staff and reducing patient’s length of stay
- cutting psych hospitals
- drug problem that began in the 70s
In the late 1980s enrollment in nursing prgrams _______
decreased
_______ were implemented to provide prospective payment for hospital services on the basis of the patient’s admitting dx and thereby to reduce the overall cost to Medicare
**hospital wont keep patients there longer than they have to
Diagnosis-related group system (DRG)
Nursing research needed to be focused on substantive information to guide practice in 1980s. This let to hospitals to STOP _____ to help with budgeting
cutting nurses
In the 1900s the AIDS epidemic influenced the need for _______
infection control
universal precautions
limited exposure to hazardous material
__________ radically changed the process for infection control among health care workers in health care institutions across the nation.
- Recapping needles
- wearing latex gloves
- universal precations
AIDS epidemic
Who is the Alexian brothers?
Male Religious Order Hospitals in Europe and one in US Trained religious and secular men as nurses Men caring for men Men ran entire hospital
________ is the stereotype of untrained, incompetent nurses of early Victorian Era
Sairey Gamp
Sairey Gamp was an ____
alcoholic, inept and cruel nurse who profited from her patients
Opposite of __________ = Florence Nightingale: portrayed as a heroine by Henry Longfellow
Sairy Gamp
________ was a British nurse executed in WW1 by Germans in occupied Belgium
- she was murdered. Then her death was as used of propaganda to urger men to become soldiers
- The germans killed her in Belgium
Edith Cavell
Was a nurse and spy that was killed by the germans
Edith Cavell
Was the founder of the first nursing school in Belgium and was executed by the germans
Edith Cavel
In 1938, a tall, white, imposing statue called, the _________ was placed in Arlington National cemetery to honor military nurses
Spirit of Nursing
Gallup Polls have ranked nurses ______ for having honesty and ethics every year since 1999 except 2001 when fireman were ranked first
First!!
Who was the first black nurse to graduation from a nursing school?
Mary Eliza
Again in 2021 _________ showed nurses were at the top of the most trusted list and considered the most honest (20th year in a row).
Gallup poll
Gallup Polls have ranked nurses first for having honesty and ethics every year since 1999 except __________when fireman were ranked first
2001
