Week 1 High Yield Flashcards
movement is a product of ___, ___, and ___
individual, task, and environment
what are individual attributes (constraints to movement) (3)
- sensory/perception (affector system)
- cognition (central processing system)
- motor/action (effector system)
what anatomy is responsible for sensing
peripheral receptors
what anatomy is responsible for perceiving
primary and secondary sensory cortices
what anatomy is responsible for interpreting
higher-level sensory processing centers in the PARIETAL, OCCIPITAL, and TEMPORAL lobes
what anatomy is responsible for conceptualization
prefrontal cortex, primarily
what anatomy is responsible for strategy/planning
supplemental motor cortices and BG/CB
what anatomy is responsible for activation
primary motor cortext, BG/CB
what anatomy is responsible for execution
motor neurons and muscles/joints
what are task attributes (constraints to movement) (5)
- discrete/continuous
- open/closed
- stability/mobility
- manipulation continuum
- attention continuum (dual/multitasking)
what are environmental attributes (constraints to movement)
- regulatory features
- non-regulatory features
what are regulatory features.
features that WILL impact movement forcing the person to conform
what are nonregulatory features
features that MAY impact movement but not necessarily forcing the person to conform
give an example of when you would choose a continuous over a discrete task
climbing stairs v step taps
give an example of when a non-regulatory feature of the environment would be an important consideration for your training
color of cup, lighting, loudness of environment
give 3 examples of how you might introduce inter-trial variation with a pt who has mastered sit to stand
height of chair, foam surface under feet, type of chair
what is the limitation of reflex theory
does not address volitional, purposeful movement
what is the neuromaturational and hierarchical theory
As the CNS develops, we are able to perform higher level function
what is the limitation of the neuromaturational and hierarchical theory
doesn’t take into account the individual and suggests rehab/healing should follow a development-like course
what is the motor programming theory and its limitation
the CNS houses a motor program that we develop to complete a task (such as writing your name) but does not take into account variables in environment and neuromusculature
- reflex theory: B
- hierarchical theory: E
- motor programming theory: F
- systems theory: C
- dynamic systems theory: D
- ecological theory: A
Goal directed behavior can be analyzed at three levels, what are they?
- action level (can the person do the movement)
- movement level (how do they do it - typical/atypical)
- neuromotor level (are there impairments that impact movement)
what are the six stages of movement
- initial conditions (individual, environment, task)
- preparation (CNS organization of movement)
- initiation (timing direction smoothness)
- execution (amplitude direction speed and smoothness)
- termination (timing, stability, accuracy)
- outcome
what are negative UMN signs? (3)
paresis, paralysis, and weakness
what are positive UMN signs? (5)
loss of fractionated movement, abnormal movement/synergy patterns, co-contraction, hyperreflexia, and spasticity
motor paths descending are divided into 3 groups, which are…
ventromedial path, lateral path, and cortical path
what does the ventromedial path control?
axial movements (medial vestibulospinal tract, medial reticulospinal tract)
what does the lateral path control
proximal, and some distal limb muscles (rubrospinal, lateral reticulospinal, and lateral vestibulospinal)
what does the cortical path control
distal influence (lateral corticospinal tract)
what are the three groups of the propriospinal neuron system of integrated intersegmental activity?
- long - medial motor neurons controlling axial muscles
- intermediate - proximal motor neurons
- short - only in Cx and Lx/Sx enlargements for distal motor neurons
Distal impairments are often more profound than proximal, explain.
There is more CNS redundancy in neuromotor input to proximal than distal musculature
How can there be bilateral motor involvement even with unilateral brain damage?
while most cross over, some fibers of descending motor pathways stay ipsilateral in the CNS
spasticity may involve… (3)
- hyperactive stretch reflex (velocity dependent)
- abnormal cutaneous/SC reflex
- clonus
describe decorticate and decerebrate posturing as it relates to anatomical problems
decorticate - lesion above RN: disinhibition of RN (increased activity)
decerebrate - lesion at/below RN: decreased represenation of RN
cogwheel and leadpipe are terms used to describe what
rigidity of Parkinson’s patients
BG is the key to initiating ______ generated movement… aka _______
internally; volitional
CB is the key to initiating ______ generated movement
externally (response to stimulus or cue)
in other words, describe ataxia, dysmetria, and dysdiadochokinesia
ataxia = uncoordination
dysmetria = missing target
dysdiadochokinesia = unable to RAM
what are 4 hyperkinetic movement disorders
- tremor
- chorea/athetosis
- ballismus (focal chorea)
- dystonia
what is chorea? athetosis?
- chorea: brief, irregular, jerky movements
- athetosis: more sustained, writhing movement
what is ballismus?
focal chorea (hemiballismus)
what is dystonia?
excessive uncontrolled contractions resulting in abnormal mvoements and postures typically patterned and repetitive
what are the two hypokinetic disorders
bradykinesia and akinesia
