Week 1 High Yield

Question 1

movement is a product of ___, ___, and ___

Answer 1

individual, task, and environment

Question 2

what are individual attributes (constraints to movement) (3)

Answer 2

1. sensory/perception (affector system)
2. cognition (central processing system)
3. motor/action (effector system)

Question 3

what anatomy is responsible for sensing

Answer 3

peripheral receptors

Question 4

what anatomy is responsible for perceiving

Answer 4

primary and secondary sensory cortices

Question 5

what anatomy is responsible for interpreting

Answer 5

higher-level sensory processing centers in the PARIETAL, OCCIPITAL, and TEMPORAL lobes

Question 6

what anatomy is responsible for conceptualization

Answer 6

prefrontal cortex, primarily

Question 7

what anatomy is responsible for strategy/planning

Answer 7

supplemental motor cortices and BG/CB

Question 8

what anatomy is responsible for activation

Answer 8

primary motor cortext, BG/CB

Question 9

what anatomy is responsible for execution

Answer 9

motor neurons and muscles/joints

Question 10

what are task attributes (constraints to movement) (5)

Answer 10

1. discrete/continuous
2. open/closed
3. stability/mobility
4. manipulation continuum
5. attention continuum (dual/multitasking)

Question 11

what are environmental attributes (constraints to movement)

Answer 11

1. regulatory features
2. non-regulatory features

Question 12

what are regulatory features.

Answer 12

features that WILL impact movement forcing the person to conform

Question 13

what are nonregulatory features

Answer 13

features that MAY impact movement but not necessarily forcing the person to conform

Question 14

give an example of when you would choose a continuous over a discrete task

Answer 14

climbing stairs v step taps

Question 15

give an example of when a non-regulatory feature of the environment would be an important consideration for your training

Answer 15

color of cup, lighting, loudness of environment

Question 16

give 3 examples of how you might introduce inter-trial variation with a pt who has mastered sit to stand

Answer 16

height of chair, foam surface under feet, type of chair

Question 17

what is the limitation of reflex theory

Answer 17

does not address volitional, purposeful movement

Question 18

what is the neuromaturational and hierarchical theory

Answer 18

As the CNS develops, we are able to perform higher level function

Question 19

what is the limitation of the neuromaturational and hierarchical theory

Answer 19

doesn’t take into account the individual and suggests rehab/healing should follow a development-like course

Question 20

what is the motor programming theory and its limitation

Answer 20

the CNS houses a motor program that we develop to complete a task (such as writing your name) but does not take into account variables in environment and neuromusculature

Question 21

Answer 21

1. reflex theory: B
2. hierarchical theory: E
3. motor programming theory: F
4. systems theory: C
5. dynamic systems theory: D
6. ecological theory: A

Question 22

Goal directed behavior can be analyzed at three levels, what are they?

Answer 22

1. action level (can the person do the movement)
2. movement level (how do they do it - typical/atypical)
3. neuromotor level (are there impairments that impact movement)

Question 23

what are the six stages of movement

Answer 23

1. initial conditions (individual, environment, task)
2. preparation (CNS organization of movement)
3. initiation (timing direction smoothness)
4. execution (amplitude direction speed and smoothness)
5. termination (timing, stability, accuracy)
6. outcome

Question 24

what are negative UMN signs? (3)

Answer 24

paresis, paralysis, and weakness

Question 25

what are positive UMN signs? (5)

Answer 25

loss of fractionated movement, abnormal movement/synergy patterns, co-contraction, hyperreflexia, and spasticity

Question 26

motor paths descending are divided into 3 groups, which are...

Answer 26

ventromedial path, lateral path, and cortical path

Question 27

what does the ventromedial path control?

Answer 27

axial movements (medial vestibulospinal tract, medial reticulospinal tract)

Question 28

what does the lateral path control

Answer 28

proximal, and some distal limb muscles (rubrospinal, lateral reticulospinal, and lateral vestibulospinal)

Question 29

what does the cortical path control

Answer 29

distal influence (lateral corticospinal tract)

Question 30

what are the three groups of the propriospinal neuron system of integrated intersegmental activity?

Answer 30

1. long - medial motor neurons controlling axial muscles 2. intermediate - proximal motor neurons 3. short - only in Cx and Lx/Sx enlargements for distal motor neurons

Question 31

Distal impairments are often more profound than proximal, explain.

Answer 31

There is more CNS redundancy in neuromotor input to proximal than distal musculature

Question 32

How can there be bilateral motor involvement even with unilateral brain damage?

Answer 32

while most cross over, some fibers of descending motor pathways stay ipsilateral in the CNS

Question 33

spasticity may involve... (3)

Answer 33

1. hyperactive stretch reflex (velocity dependent) 2. abnormal cutaneous/SC reflex 3. clonus

Question 34

describe decorticate and decerebrate posturing as it relates to anatomical problems

Answer 34

decorticate - lesion above RN: disinhibition of RN (increased activity) decerebrate - lesion at/below RN: decreased represenation of RN

Question 35

cogwheel and leadpipe are terms used to describe what

Answer 35

rigidity of Parkinson's patients

Question 36

BG is the key to initiating ______ generated movement... aka \_\_\_\_\_\_\_

Answer 36

internally; volitional

Question 37

CB is the key to initiating ______ generated movement

Answer 37

externally (response to stimulus or cue)

Question 38

in other words, describe ataxia, dysmetria, and dysdiadochokinesia

Answer 38

ataxia = uncoordination dysmetria = missing target dysdiadochokinesia = unable to RAM

Question 39

what are 4 hyperkinetic movement disorders

Answer 39

1. tremor 2. chorea/athetosis 3. ballismus (focal chorea) 4. dystonia

Question 40

what is chorea? athetosis?

Answer 40

* chorea: brief, irregular, jerky movements * athetosis: more sustained, writhing movement

Question 41

what is ballismus?

Answer 41

focal chorea (hemiballismus)

Question 42

what is dystonia?

Answer 42

excessive uncontrolled contractions resulting in abnormal mvoements and postures typically patterned and repetitive

Question 43

what are the two hypokinetic disorders

Answer 43

bradykinesia and akinesia