SCI Impairments Flashcards
what are direct motor/sensory impairments
paralysis, paresis, weakness, spasticity, flaccidity
what are the primary muscles of inspiration and their innervation
diaphragm C3-5; external intercostals T1-12
what are the secondary muscles of inspiration
SCM C2-3 Cn XI; scalenes C3-8; LS C3-5; UT CN XI
what are the muscles of forced exhalation
abdominals T6-12; obliques T1-12
which patients with SCI will have respiratory issues
anything above T12
though these three secondary respiratory pathologies are common in SCI injuries, this one is the leading cause of death
atelectasis, PNEUMONIA, and pulm embolism
impaired thermoregulation is a direct impairment in SCI affecting those with what level of injury
T6 and above
_______ maintains storage of urine (bladder relaxation and contraction of the neck and urethral smooth muscle)
sympathetic T11-L2
_______ allows for urination (bladder contraction and relaxation of the neck and urethral smooth muscle)
parasympathetic S2-4
what bladder dysfunction would you expect for a complete S2-4
areflexive (flaccid) neurogenic bladder
what bladder dysfunction would you expect for a cauda equina lesion
areflexive (flaccid) neurogenic bladder
what bladder dysfunction would you expect for a complete injury above S2
spastic bladder
what type of bladder (flaccid or spastic) requires I&O catheterization? manual stimulation?
catheter for spastic, manual stim for flaccid
what is a common impairment in reflexive bladder?
detrusor-sphincter dyssynergia
what are two manual techniques for bladder training
suprapubic tapping and crede maneuver (downward pressure over the bladder)
what is the most frequent medical complication of SCI
UTI within the first several months of injury
what is the parasympathetic response to a noxious stimulus in AD?
vagus nerve decreases HR
what is the sympathetic response to a noxious stimulus in AD?
increase BP
in what patient population do we consider AD?
T6 or above
evidence supports what interventions for accommodation to upright?
FES, compression of legs and abdomen, and midodrine
what are sx of heterotrophic bone formation
acute loss of ROM, redness, warmth, elevated serus alk phos
what should you do/avoid when you suspect heterotrophic bone formation
avoid aggressive ROM.
when should you suspect heterotrophic bone formation
1-3 months post
