Motor Learning Theory and Neuroplasticity Flashcards
what is the difference between performance and learning
performance - temporary change in behavior
learning - permanent change tested by retention
how is skill defined
skill is defined operationally per task
does variable or constant practice lead to better learning?
variable - think multiplication table demo
what distinguishes the cognitive, associative, and autonomous stages of motor learning from each other
- end of cognitive marked by choosing a strategy
- associative stage is one chosen stage without marked improvement
- autonomous stage - minimal attention required
the systems three stage model is divided into three stages based on what
releasing degrees of freedom with motor learning
describe gentiles two-stage model
- 1st stage explicit - develop understanding of task
- 2nd stage implicit - refine the movement
what are the two basic forms of long-term memory
nondeclarative implicit and declarative explicit
what are the three domains of nondeclarative implicit form of long term memory?
- nonassociative
- associative
- procedural (learn by doing)
what are the two domains of declarative explicit form of long-term memory
facts and events
reflex pathways are responsible for what type of motor learning
nonassociative - nondeclarative (implicit)
the amygdala, cerebellum, deep cerebellar nuclei, and premotor cortex are responsible for which type of motor learning
associative nondeclarative (implicit)
the striatum is responsible for which type of motor learning
procedural nondeclarative (implicit)
the medial temporal lobes, sensory cortex, and hippocampus are responsbile for which type of motor learning
declarative
what is learning by habituation or sensitization?
implicit nonassociative
pavlov’s dog (classical conditioning) and operant condition are what…
implicit associative learning
use-dependent learning changes what part of the CNS
motor cortices, sensory cortices, and spinal ccord
learning from movement errors via motor adaptation changes what part of the CNS
cerebellum
learning from reinforcement and reward changes what part of the CNS
BG
learning from instruction/strategy based learning and practice changes what part of the CNS
pre-frontal cortex
definte recovery v compensation
- recovery - restoring pre-injury manner of movement/task performance
- compensation - encouraging/teaching a substitution
does recovery or compensation result in neuroplasticity?
both - may be adaptive or maladaptive
finish the statement: “CONSTANT, blocked practice is more likely to lead to ______ improvements, but VARIABLE, random practice is more likely to lead to sustained _______”
performance, learning
