Week 1-Goniometry ROM

Question 1

what FOR is used commonly when remediation is likely?

Answer 1

biomechanical

Question 2

what is the biomechanical FOR focused on?

Answer 2

physical components e.g. movement, sensation and strength, required to perform an occupation

Question 3

when do we use the rehabilitative FOR?

Answer 3

when remediation may occur but
considers compensatory

Question 4

what is biomechanics advantage (MA)?

Answer 4

Measure of efficiency

Question 5

what are force systems?

Answer 5

push or pull of one object on another

Question 6

what are examples of external force systems?

Answer 6

gravity, weight in hand

Question 7

what are examples of internal force systems?

Answer 7

muscles

Question 8

what is an effort force?

Answer 8

force that causes rotation of the
lever

Question 9

what is a resistance force?

Answer 9

force opposing
rotation of the lever

Question 10

what is an eccentric motion?

Answer 10

Active muscle is lengthening, thus it is acting as the resistance
force

Question 11

what is a concentric motion?

Answer 11

Active muscle is shortening, thus it is acting as the effort force

Question 12

what is an isometric motion?

Answer 12

No shortening or lengthening of the active muscle(s)

Question 13

what is Centre of gravity in terms of the human body?

Answer 13

hypothetical point
around which the force of gravity
appears to act

Question 14

where is centre of gravity in anatomical position?

Answer 14

S2 BUT will
change since we frequently change our body positions

Question 15

what is centre of mass?

Answer 15

Gravity is predictable and usually
constant; therefore, the Center of
Mass (CoM) = CoG

Question 16

what is the line of gravity?

Answer 16

straight line
through the CoG toward the center of
earth (downward from the body)

Question 17

what is the base of support?

Answer 17

Area beneath an object or person
providing support

Question 18

what helps us when our centre of gravity is outside the base of support?

Answer 18

muscles & muscle endurance

Question 19

how can CoG can be displaced?

Answer 19

By an external force
applied to the body, as
occurs during contact
sports

By external movement of
the support surface, as
occurs when we sit or
stand in a moving vehicle

During performance of
activities requiring self-
initiated movement of the
head, limbs, or trunk

Question 20

what does inability to maintain balance in posturally threatening
situations results in?

Answer 20

maladaptive strategies

Question 21

how is motion described in terms of location?

Answer 21

provides the anatomical description of the plane in which joint motion occurs, and the axis around which it occurs

Transverse (horizontal), frontal/coronal(A-P), sagittal (L-R) *often a combination in the human body, thus for descriptive purposes we refer to the anatomic position

Question 22

how is motion described in terms of direction?

Answer 22

Described again in anatomic terms: flexion, extension, abduction,
adduction, medial and lateral rotation

Question 23

how is motion described in terms of magnitude?

Answer 23

“quantity” of rotatory motion (Active, Active-assisted, or Passive);
measured in degrees

Question 24

what is friction?

Answer 24

resistance of movement
between one surface or
object and another

potentially exists
whenever two objects
make contact

Question 25

what is muscle tone?

Answer 25

a continuous sub maximal contraction that
maintains a small degree of tension in a muscle; keeps the
muscle in a state of readiness for active contraction

Question 26

what happens if a muscle detaches from its insertion?

Answer 26

it shortens

Question 27

what other instances will cause muscle to shorten?

Answer 27

if positioned and held in a
posture that is shortened from its “neutral” resting position

Question 28

what is elastic maximum?

Answer 28

a muscle/tendon unit only has a certain amount of elasticity and
can only respond to a certain amount of stretch (stress) at one time before it breaks down