Week 1 GI workbook part 2 Flashcards
where do the kidneys lie?
posterior abdominal wall at the level of T12-L3 vertebrae
where does the right kidney lie in relation to the left kidney?
The Right kidney lies slightly at a lower level than the left kidney
why does the right kidney lies slightly at a lower level than the left kidney
the liver displaces it downwards
what are the three main structures that enter/leave the hilum of the kidney
renal artery
renal vein
ureter
What is the anterior- to- posterior arrangement of the structures entering and leaving the hilum of kidney?
renal vein
renal artery
ureter
How are the kidneys peritonised?
they are retroperitoneal (lie in shallow depressions against the posterior abdominal wall and behind the parietal peritoneum)
what are ureters?
The ureters are muscular ducts that carry urine from the kidneys to the urinary bladder.
How are the ureters peritonised?
retroperitoneal
What is the term used to describe the expanded upper part of the ureter?
renal pelvis
The Ureter is normally constricted at 3 locations during its course from the kidneys to the urinary bladder. Name these constriction points
At the junction of the ureters and renal pelvis (pelviureteric junction)
pelvic brim
where the utere enters the bladder
What is the anatomical location of the suprarenal gland?
triangular shaped glands located on top of both kidneys
What type of gland are suprarenal glands?
endocrine
what is the peritoneum
continuous membrane which lines the abdominal cavity and covers the abdominal organs (abdominal viscera)
what is the name of the peritoneum lining the body wall?
parietal peritoneum
what is the name given to the peritoneum lining the viscera?
visceral peritoneum
Which layer of the peritoneum is more sensitive to pressure, pain, heat & cold?
The parietal peritoneum lines the internal surface of the abdominopelvic wall. It is derived from somatic mesoderm in the embryo.
It receives the same somatic nerve supply as the region of the abdominal wall that it lines; therefore, pain from the parietal peritoneum is well localised. Parietal peritoneum is sensitive to pressure, pain, laceration and temperature.
Define the term peritoneal cavity
Your peritoneum is a membrane that lines the inside of your abdomen and pelvis (parietal layer). It also covers many of your organs inside (visceral layer). The space in between these layers is called your peritoneal cavity.
There are no organs within the peritoneal cavity. What is present within the peritoneal cavity?
The peritoneal cavity is a potential space between the parietal and visceral peritoneum. It normally contains only a thin film of peritoneal fluid, which consists of water, electrolytes, leukocytes and antibodies.
what does intraperitoneal mean?
completely surrounded by visceral peritoneum
what does retroperitoneal mean?
only covered on their anterior surface and therefore firmly attached to the posterior wall
what are examples of retroperitoneal organs?
stomach, liver and spleen
what are examples of primary intraperitoneal organs?
The oesophagus, rectum and kidneys
what are examples of secondary intraperitoneal organs?
ascending and descending colon
what does secondary intraperitoneal mean?
were initially intraperitoneal, suspended by mesentery. Through the course of embryogenesis, they became retroperitoneal as their mesentery fused with the posterior abdominal wall. Thus, in adults, only their anterior surface is covered with peritoneum
how do the greater and lesser sac communicate?
through an opening called the epiploic forameswsw