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Pharmacology Block 2 > Week 1 Drugs > Flashcards

Week 1 Drugs Flashcards

1
Q

Etanercept

A

Anti-inflammatory
Cytokine inhibitor
TNFa_ R analog

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2
Q

Infliximab

A

Anti-inflammatory
cytokine inhibitor
Monoclonal TNFa- Ab

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3
Q

Aspirin

A

Anti-inflammatory
Prostaglandin synthesis Inhibitor
—/ COX 1 and 2

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4
Q

NSAID

A

Non-Steroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs

Prostaglandin Inhibitor—/ COX 1 and 2

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5
Q

Zileuton

A

Anti-inflammatory

Leukotriene SYNTHESIS Inhibitor—/ lipoxygenase

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6
Q

Zafirlukast

A

Anti-inflammatory

Leukotrienes RECEPTOR Inhibitor

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7
Q

Steroid

A

Anti-inflammatory
inhibits cytokines, PG, Leukotrienes, CAMs
—/ COX and Pospholipase A2

  • IFkB
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8
Q

Dinoprostone

A 
PGE2 Analog
1. cervical ripening 
EP4 R--> collagenase and relax cervical sm
2. terminate pregnancy 
EP1/3 R--> uterine cntxn 
(-) GI sxs
uterine rupture
fever
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9
Q

Carboprost

A 
PGF2a Analog
1. termination of 2nd trimester preg
FP-R--> uterine cntxn
2. control postpartum hemorrhage
FP-R--> uterine cntxn
(-) GI sxs
fever 
uterine rupture
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10
Q

Misoprostol

A

PGE1 Analog
1. prevention of ulcers from long-term NSAID use
EP3–/ gastric acid secretion
reduce cAMP–> ^ bicarb and mucin, ^ mucosal blood flow
(-) diarrhea
(o) pregnancy

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11
Q

Alprostadil

A

PGE2 Analog
1. impotence/erectile dysf
^ cAMP–/ sm cntxn of corpus cav

  1. maintain patent ductus arteriosus
    ^ cAMP–/ sm cntxn
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12
Q

Epoprostenol

A 
PGI2 Analog (IV)
1. primary pulmonary HTN 
^ cAMP--/ sm cntxn= dilation of pulmonary artery sm
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13
Q

Bimatoprost

A

PGF2a Analog
1. glaucoma
^ outflow of aq humor

  1. eyelash hypotrichosis
    ^ % and duration of lash in growth phase
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14
Q

Aldosterone

A

Mineralcorticoid (MC)- Steroid

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15
Q

Cortisol

A

Glucocorticoid (GC)- Steroid

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16
Q

Dexamethasone

A

Glucocorticoid (GC)- Steroid

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17
Q

Prednisolone

A

Glucocorticoid (GC)- Steroid

Immunosuppressant

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18
Q

Fludrocortisone

A

Glucocorticoid (GC)- Steroid

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19
Q

Metyrapone

A

Steroid Synthesis Inhibitor
inhibits 11-B-hydroxylase –/ cortisol synthesis
(X) ^^ACHT from AP diagnostic

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20
Q

Mifepristone

A

Competitive Antagonist of GC and Progesterone R
(X) termination of pregnancy
(X) treat Cushing’s Disease

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21
Q

Spironolactone

A 
Competitive antagonist of MC-R
(X) diuretic
- HTN
-cardiac hypertrophy and heart failure 
*same as eplerenone
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22
Q

Eplerenone

A 
Competitive antagonist of MC-R
(X) diuretic
- HTN
-cardiac hypertrophy and heart failure 
*same as spironolactone
23
Q

Drospirenone

A 
1. MC-R Antagonist
(X) diuretic--/ salt retain of estrogen
2. Progesterone-R Agonist
(X) suppress ovulation, hormone replacement for post-menopausal
3. Androgen-R Antagonist
24
Q

Azathioprine

A

Immunosuppressant
metabolized to 6-mercaptopurine –/ purine synthesis (de novo and salvage)
(X) prevent rejection, autoimmune diseases
(-) bone marrow suppression
GI and hepatotoxicity

25
Q

Cyclophosphamide

A

Immunosuppressant
alkylating cross-links dsDNA–> kill replicating and NON cells (*B cells–/ humoral immunity)
(X) autoimmune disease
(-) bone marrow suppression

26
Q

Methotrexate

A

Immunosuppressant
Inhibit Dihydrofolate reductase–/ folate dep steps of purine synthesis
(X) autoimmune diseases, pregnancy termination
(-) hepatic toxicity

27
Q

Mycophenolate Mofetil

A 
Immunosuppressant
metabolized> mycophenolic acid--/ IMP-DH (IMP>GMP)
inhibit de novo purine synthesis 
salvage pathway in tact 
*selectively toxic to Lymphocytes*
(X) prevent renal allograft rejection
-autoimmune diseases 
(-) infection, leukopenia, anemia 
(O) contraindicated in pregnancy
28
Q

Cyclosporine

A 
Immunosuppressant
Lipophilic peptide Abx 
1. bind cyclophilin--/ Calcineurin
2. block activation of NFAT (TF)
3. inhibit IL-2 production 
--/ Th cell function and Tcell prolif and cytotoxicity
(X) prevent rejection
(-) nephrotoxicity, hepatotoxicity
29
Q

Tacrolimus

A 
Immunosuppressant
similar mechanism to cyclosporine
1. bind FKBP--> bind calcineurin
2. inhibit activation of NFAT (TF)
3. prevent synth of IL-2
(X) prevent rejection
(+) more potent, less toxic
30
Q

Sirolimus

A

Immunosuppressant
inhibit T cell activation and prolifieration downstream of IL-2
1. bind FKBP-12–> mTOR
2. inhibit G1>S phase transition
(X) prevent rejection, coat cardiac stents

31
Q

Ibuprofen

A 
NSAID---/ COX 1 and 2
t 1/2= 2 hrs (naproxen)
(X) rheumatoid arthritis/osteoarthritis
mild-mod pain
fever
dysmenorrhea
32
Q

Indomethacin

A 
NSAID ---/ COX 1 and 2
(X) gouty arthritis
mod-severe osteoarth/rheumatorid
ankylosing spondylitis
close ductus arteriosis (IV)
33
Q

Nabumetone

A

NSAID—/ COX 2» 1
converted to active* 6methoxy-2naphthylacetic acid
-anti inflam and analgesic
(X) osteoarthritis, rheum arth

34
Q

Naproxen

A 
NSAID---/ COX 1 and 2
t 1/2= 14 hrs (ibuprofen) 
(X) ankylosing spondylitis
osteoarthitis/rheumatoidarthritis
acute gout
mild-mod pain
tendonitis, bursitis
dysmenorrhea
fever
35
Q

Sulfasalazine

A

NSAID—/ production of IL1 and TNFa, lipoxygenase, NFkB, scavenge free radicals
(X) ulcerative colitis
rheumatoid arthritis
ankylosing spondylitis

36
Q

Piroxicam

A

NSAID—/ COX 1 and 2
(X) acute/chronic osteo/rheumatoid arthritis
(+) long half life t1/2=50hrs (99% plasma bound)

37
Q

Diphenydramine

A 
H1 blocker- 1st gen
(Benadryl)
(-) profound sedation 
(X) Allergies
Motion Sickness
Sleep aid
end-stage Parkinson's
38
Q

Dimenhydrinate

A

H1 blocker- 1st gen
(Dramamine)
(X) motion sickness

39
Q

Chloropheniramine

A

H1 blocker- 1st gen
*most potent
less prone to drowsiness
(X) allergies

40
Q

Promethazine

A

H1 blocker- 1st gen

X) motion sickness (anti chol

41
Q

Fexofenadine

A

H1 blocker- 2nd gen
terfenadine> fexofenadine
(Allegra)

42
Q

Loratidine

A

H1 blocker- 2nd gen
> desloratidine
(Claritin)
(X) allergies

43
Q

Desloratidine

A

H1 blocker- 2nd gen
>from loratidine
(Clarinex)
(X) allergies

44
Q

Citirizine

A

H1 blocker- 2nd gen
(-) most sedation for 2nd gen
(Zyrtec)
(X) allergies

45
Q

Cimetidine

A

H2 blocker–/ parietal cell acid secretion
(X)GERD
gastric, duodenal ulcers
prevent stress ulcers
zollinger-ellison syndrome (non B cell tumor of pancreas)
(-)–/ CYP450 and –/ Testosterone binding= gynecomastia, reduced sperm count, impotence

46
Q

Famotidine

A

H2 blocker–/ parietal cell acid secretion
(X)GERD
gastric, duodenal ulcers
prevent stress ulcers

47
Q

Ranitidine

A

H2 blocker –/ parietal cell acid secretion
(X)GERD
gastric, duodenal ulcers
prevent stress ulcers

48
Q

Cromolyn Sodium

A

Anti-histamine—/ Release
stabilize mast cell membrane
(X) asthma, rhinitis, conjunctivitis

49
Q

Omalizumab

A

Anti-histamine —/ Release
monoclonal Ab–/ IgE sensitization of mast cells
(X) allergic asthma

50
Q

Acetaminophen

A 
NSAID (Tylenol)
---/ COX peroxidase (NO affinity for COX 1 or 2 active site) 
NO anti-inflammatory
(X) mild-mod pain and fever
(-) overdose- CYP 2E1 path> toxic
51
Q

Acetylsalicylic Acid

A 
(Aspirin) NSAID
*IRREVERSIBLE*acetylation of serine --/COX 1 and 2
(X)  anti-platelet 
anti-inflammatory
analgesia
anti-pyretic 
(-) overdose risk -zero order kinetics
(O) pregnancy and children
52
Q

Celecoxib

A 
NSAID
selective inhib---/ COX 2
(X) rheumatoid arthritis/osteoarthritis 
dysmenorrhea
reduce intestinal polyps
(O) sulfa toxicity , GI disease, deficiency of CYP2C9
53
Q

Ketorolac

A

NSAID —/ COX 1 and 2
analgesia and anti-pyretic
(X) mod/severe pain opioid level (IV)

Pharmacology Block 2 (7 decks)

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