Week 1 Content Flashcards
- Pregnancy – ____________
- Following Birth – ____________
- Childbirth – ____________
- Pregnancy – Antepartum
- Following Birth – Postpartum
- Childbirth – Intrapartum
PREGNANCY (ANTEPARTUM) Common Terms
__________ age: Prenatal age of the developing baby (measured in weeks and days).
Calculated from the 1st day of the woman’s last menstrual period.
Gestational
Antepartum: Refers to the period of pregnancy ________________________
before the onset of labor.
PREGNANCY (ANTEPARTUM) Common Terms
LMP:
Last Menstrual Period
EDD:
Estimated date of delivery. Also abbreviated EDB: (estimated date of
birth).
- Preterm: pregnancy that has reached ___ weeks of gestation but before completion of 37 weeks of gestation
20
- ______ : pregnancy from the beginning of week 38 of gestation to end of week 42 of
gestation
Term
- Postdate or post-term: pregnancy that goes beyond ____ weeks of gestation
42
- ________ : a spontaneous or elective termination of pregnancy before the 20th week of gestation, based on the date of the last menstrual period. Spontaneous abortion is frequently called miscarriage.
Abortion
- Viability: Capacity to live ________________; about 22 to 25 weeks gestation are on
the threshold of viability
outside the uterus;
- Late preterm: Pregnancy that reached between 34 weeks 0 days & 36 weeks 6 days gestation
- Early term: Pregnancy that reached between 37 weeks 0 days & 38 weeks 6 days gestation
- Full term: Pregnancy that reached between __ weeks 0 days and 40 weeks 6 days
- Late term: Pregnancy that reached between 41 weeks 0 days and 41 weeks 6 days
- Late preterm: Pregnancy that reached between 34 weeks 0 days & 36 weeks 6 days gestation
- Early term: Pregnancy that reached between 37 weeks 0 days & 38 weeks 6 days gestation
- Full term: Pregnancy that reached between 39 weeks 0 days and 40 weeks 6 days
- Late term: Pregnancy that reached between 41 weeks 0 days and 41 weeks 6 days
________ : A woman who is pregnant
Gravidity: Pregnancy
___________ : A woman who has never been pregnant
Primigravida: A woman pregnant for the first time
Gravida: A woman who is pregnant
Gravidity: Pregnancy
Nulligravida: A woman who has never been pregnant
Primigravida: A woman pregnant for the first time
- _______ : Number of pregnancies in which fetus or fetuses have reached viability, not
number of fetuses (e.g., twins) born. Whether the fetus is born alive or stillborn (a
fetus who shows no signs of life at birth) after viability is reached does not affect
parity - Nullipara: Woman who has not completed a pregnancy with a fetus or fetuses who
have reached the stage of fetal viability - Primipara: Woman who has completed one pregnancy with a fetus or fetuses who
have reached the stage of fetal viability - Multipara: Woman who has completed two or more pregnancies to the stage of fetal viability
- *fetal viability may be considered ____ weeks in this context
- Parity: Number of pregnancies in which fetus or fetuses have reached viability, not
number of fetuses (e.g., twins) born. Whether the fetus is born alive or stillborn (a
fetus who shows no signs of life at birth) after viability is reached does not affect
parity - Nullipara: Woman who has not completed a pregnancy with a fetus or fetuses who
have reached the stage of fetal viability - Primipara: Woman who has completed one pregnancy with a fetus or fetuses who
have reached the stage of fetal viability - Multipara: Woman who has completed two or more pregnancies to the stage of fetal
viability - *fetal viability may be considered 20 weeks in this context
Obstetric History
Five digit system
* GTPAL
* ___________________________________
Two digit system
* G – gravida (number of pregnancies)
* P – para (number of pregnancies reaching 20 weeks)
Five digit system
* GTPAL
* Gravida, Term, Preterm, Abortions, Living children
Two digit system
* G – gravida (number of pregnancies)
* P – para (number of pregnancies reaching 20 weeks)
GTPAL
G = Gravida: the _______ of pregnancies, including this one
T = Term: the number of pregnancies that ended in _______ births (37 weeks 0 days and beyond; including early, full, late term, or postterm births)
P = Preterm: the number of pregnancies that ended in _________ birth (between 20 weeks 0 days and 36 weeks 6 days gestation)
A = Abortion: the number of pregnancies that ended in ____________ (spontaneous abortion) or elective termination (therapeutic abortion) before 20 weeks or less than 500 g at birth
L = Living: the number of children currently __________
G = Gravida: the number of pregnancies, including this one
T = Term: the number of pregnancies that ended in term births (37 weeks 0 days and beyond; including early, full, late term, or postterm births)
P = Preterm: the number of pregnancies that ended in preterm birth (between 20 weeks 0 days and 36 weeks 6 days gestation)
A = Abortion: the number of pregnancies that ended in miscarriage (spontaneous abortion) or elective termination (therapeutic abortion) before 20 weeks or less than 500 g at birth
L = Living: the number of children currently living
- Placenta: A structure that provides _____________ to and removes ________ from the developing baby and secretes hormones necessary for the pregnancy to continue
- Placenta: A structure that provides nourishment to and removes wastes from the developing baby and secretes hormones necessary for the pregnancy to continue
- _______ : part of the uterus that is farthest from the cervix, above the openings of the fallopian tubes
- Fundus: part of the uterus that is farthest from the cervix, above the openings of the fallopian tubes
- _______ : A developing baby from 9 weeks after conception until birth. In everyday practice this term is often used to describe a developing baby during pregnancy, regardless of age.
- Fetus: A developing baby from 9 weeks after conception until birth. In everyday practice this term is often used to describe a developing baby during pregnancy, regardless of age.
- ________ : space at the intersection of sutures connecting fetal or infant skull bones.
- _________ : narrow areas of flexible tissue that connect the fetal skull bones, permitting slight movement during labor.
- Fontanel: space at the intersection of sutures connecting fetal or infant skull bones.
- Sutures: narrow areas of flexible tissue that connect the fetal skull bones, permitting slight movement during labor.
Terms Related to Labor (Intrapartum)
- _______ : peak, or period of greatest strength, of a uterine contraction.
- ______ : lowest point
- Acme: peak, or period of greatest strength, of a uterine contraction.
- Nadir: lowest point
Terms Related to Labor (Intrapartum)
- FHR: ____________
- __________ birth: surgical birth of the fetus through an incision in the abdominal wall and uterus.
- _________ labor: onset of labor after 20 weeks and before the beginning of the 37th week of gestation.
- FHR: fetal heart rate
- Cesarean birth: surgical birth of the fetus through an incision in the abdominal wall and uterus.
- Preterm labor: onset of labor after 20 weeks and before the beginning of the 37th week of gestation.
Terms Related to Labor (Intrapartum)
- SVD: spontaneous ________ delivery
- VAD: ________ assisted delivery
- SVD: spontaneous vaginal delivery
- VAD: vacuum assisted delivery
Terms Related to Labor (Intrapartum)
- __________ : cervical thinning.
- Station: measurement of fetal descent in relation to the ischial spines of the maternal pelvis.
- ___________ : fetal part that first enters the pelvic inlet; also, the presenting part.
- Effacement: cervical thinning.
- Station: measurement of fetal descent in relation to the ischial spines of the maternal pelvis.
- Presentation: fetal part that first enters the pelvic inlet; also, the presenting part.
- Dilation: gradual widening of the _______ in the process of labor.
- _________ : the appearance of the fetal scalp or presenting part at the vaginal opening.
- Dilation: gradual widening of the cervix in the process of labor.
- Crowning: the appearance of the fetal scalp or presenting part at the vaginal opening.
Jaundice: * Yellow discoloration of the skin and sclera caused by excessive _________
in the blood; also called icterus.
_______ : * Unusable component of hemolyzed (broken down) erythrocytes.
Jaundice: * Yellow discoloration of the skin and sclera caused by excessive bilirubin
in the blood; also called icterus.
Bilirubin: * Unusable component of hemolyzed (broken down) erythrocytes.
Preterm infant: * An infant born before the beginning of the ____ week of gestation. Also called a premature infant.
37th
Postpartum: refers to the first ________ after childbirth.
6 weeks
- _________ : secretion of milk from the breasts; also describes the time when a child is breastfed.
- _____________ : swelling of the breasts resulting from increased blood flow, edema, and the presence of milk.
- Lactation: secretion of milk from the breasts; also describes the time when a child is breastfed.
- Engorgement: swelling of the breasts resulting from increased blood flow, edema, and the presence of milk.
- ________: breast fluid secreted during pregnancy and immediately after childbirth.
- Episiotomy: surgical incision of the perineum to enlarge the vaginal opening.
- _______: acronym for redness, ecchymosis, edema, discharge, and approximation. Useful for assessing wound healing or the presence of inflammation or infection.
- Colostrum: breast fluid secreted during pregnancy and immediately after childbirth.
- Episiotomy: surgical incision of the perineum to enlarge the vaginal opening.
- REEDA: acronym for redness, ecchymosis, edema, discharge, and approximation. Useful for assessing wound healing or the presence of inflammation or infection
- Uterine ______: decreased uterine muscle contraction; a primary cause of excessive bleeding.
- Lochia ______: reddish or red-brown vaginal discharge that occurs immediately after childbirth; composed mostly of blood.
- Lochia ________: pink or brown-tinged vaginal discharge that follows lochia rubra; composed largely of serous exudate, blood, and leukocytes.
- Lochia _____: white, cream-colored, or light yellow vaginal discharge that follows lochia serosa.
- Uterine atony: decreased uterine muscle contraction; a primary cause of excessive bleeding.
- Lochia rubra: reddish or red-brown vaginal discharge that occurs immediately after childbirth; composed mostly of blood.
- Lochia serosa: pink or brown-tinged vaginal discharge that follows lochia rubra; composed largely of serous exudate, blood, and leukocytes.
- Lochia alba: white, cream-colored, or light yellow vaginal discharge that follows lochia serosa.
- _________ fluid - a liquid produced by the fetal membranes and the fetus. It surrounds the fetus throughout pregnancy, protecting it from trauma and temperature variations, providing freedom of fetal movements, and helping maintain the fetal oxygen supply
- _________ sac - a thin-walled bag that contains the fetus and amniotic fluid during pregnancy
- Amniotic fluid - a liquid produced by the fetal membranes and the fetus. It surrounds the fetus throughout pregnancy, protecting it from trauma and temperature variations, providing freedom of fetal movements, and helping maintain the fetal oxygen supply
- Amniotic sac - a thin-walled bag that contains the fetus and amniotic fluid during pregnancy
- ROM – __________ of membranes
- SROM – Spontaneous rupture of membranes
- AROM – Artificial rupture of membranes
- PROM - Premature rupture of the membranes: spontaneous rupture of the membranes before the onset of labor. The gestation may be term, preterm, or
postterm. - PPROM – Preterm premature rupture of the membrane
- AMA – __________ maternal age
- HRM – High Risk Maternity
- ROM – Rupture of membranes
- SROM – Spontaneous rupture of membranes
- AROM – Artificial rupture of membranes
- PROM - Premature rupture of the membranes: spontaneous rupture of the membranes before the onset of labor. The gestation may be term, preterm, or
postterm. - PPROM – Preterm premature rupture of the membrane
- AMA – Advanced maternal age
- HRM – High Risk Maternity
Fourth Stage of Labor
- First 1 to 2 hours after birth
⚬ Breastfeeding is recommended to begin - Assessment
- Post anesthesia recovery:
⚬ Regardless of obstetric status, no woman should be discharged from recovery area until completely _____________________
⚬ Transfer from recovery area to postpartum
- First 1 to 2 hours after birth
⚬ Breastfeeding is recommended to begin - Assessment
- Post anesthesia recovery:
⚬ Regardless of obstetric status, no woman should be discharged from recovery area until completely recovered from anesthesia
⚬ Transfer from recovery area to postpartum
Postpartum Period
- The interval between birth and return of reproductive organs to their non-pregnant state
- Puerperium or fourth stage of pregnancy
- Traditionally _________ - varies among women
- “Fourth trimester”
⚬ sometimes considered the first three months after pregnancy.
6 weeks
- _________
⚬ Post birth uterine discharge
* Days 1-3: lochia rubra (dark red)
* Days 4-10: lochia serosa (brownish red or pink)
* About 10-14 days after birth: lochia alba (yellowish white)
Present up to 4-8 weeks after birth
⚬ Assessment
* Amount, type, and odor
Lochia
Blood loss after birth is assessed by the extent of perineal pad saturation as (left
to right)
- scant (<2.5 cm),
- light (<___ cm),
- moderate (>10 cm)
- heavy (one pad saturated within 2 hours).
Best Practice: Weigh on scale
- scant (<2.5 cm),
- light (<10 cm),
- moderate (>10 cm)
- heavy (one pad saturated within 2 hours).
Best Practice: Weigh on scale
Postpartum Period
- Endocrine System
⚬ Placenta ￭ Rapid decrease in _______ and progesterone levels after expulsion of the placenta is responsible for triggering anatomic and physiologic changes in
puerperium (postpartum period) ￭ Decrease estrogen = diuresis of excess extracellular fluid
⚬ Pituitary ￭ _______ increase
- Endocrine System
⚬ Placenta ￭ Rapid decrease in estrogen and progesterone levels after expulsion of the placenta is responsible for triggering anatomic and physiologic changes in
puerperium (postpartum period) ￭ Decrease estrogen = diuresis of excess extracellular fluid
⚬ Pituitary ￭ Prolactin increase
Postpartum Period
⚬ Ovarian function returns
￭ As early as 27 days, mean of ______ weeks – nonlactating
￭ Mean of 6 months - breastfeeding
7 to 9
Postpartum Period - Gastrointestinal System
⚬ Appetite
⚬ ___________
￭ Decreased food and fluid intake during labor, reduced muscle and bowel tone, fear of pain during defecation, opioids
⚬ Appetite
⚬ Constipation
￭ Decreased food and fluid intake during labor, reduced muscle and bowel tone, fear of pain during defecation, opioids
Identify
Erythema toxicum
Identify
Melanocytosis
Identify
Vernix
Identify
Desquamation
Apgar scoring
