Week 1 - Chapter 1 Flashcards
Adolescence and emerging adulthood is __________ constructed and varies among _______.
culturally constructed; cultures
Adolescence emerged in its modern form circa ______ -______
1890-1920
Emerging adulthood is the period from ___ to __
18 to 25
The scientific method includes a variety of _________ for studying adolescence and emerging adulthood
strategies
The cultural view of adolescence and emerging adults varies by ______ ______
world regions
What is adolescence?
Adolescence is the period after puberty begins and before adult roles are taken on
Adolescence is…
culturally constructed, and a fairly new term, coming into common usage in the early 20th century
Almost all cultures recognize adolescence as a:
life period
Different cultures define _____ ______, ____, and ______ differently
adult status, roles, and responsibilities
What ages is infancy?
from birth to 7
What ages encapsulates childhood?
Ages 7 to 14
What ages encapsulate adolescence?
14 to 21
What was Plato’s view on education?
Plato believed that the infant’s mind is too underdeveloped to learn much, education should focus on sports and music, and capacity for reason allows for the study of science and math
Explain the Early Christian Times to the Middle Ages
Major influence of Saint Augustine’s autobiography, confessions. The Children’s Crusade of 1212 took place, and University students were typically between the ages of 13 and 15. During this period, young people were considered innocent, having a lack of knowledge, and lack of experience
Explain adolescence from 1500 to 1890
Young people would engage in various trades and crafts, life cycle service which began in the late teens and 20s. It was common in the United States. Rates of crime, premarital sex, and alcohol use increased
Explain the age of Adolescence from 1890-1920
Three contributing factors were legislation prohibiting child labour, requirements for children to attend secondary schooling, and adolescence as a distinct field of scholarship
What movement did G. Stanley Hall spearhead?
The child study movement, which consisted of research to better the lives of children and adolescence.
What was G. Stanley Hall the founder of?
He was the founder of the study of adolescence and wrote the first textbook on adolescence, in 1904
What is recapitulation?
The development of an individual re-enacts evolution of human species
_______ recapitulates _________
Ontogeny recapitulates phylogeny
What were considered the ages of adolescence in the 1900s?
14-24
What were considered the ages of adolescence in 2012?
10-18 years
From 1900 to 1970, the initial age of menarche has declined to _____ years
12.5
In North America, one is considered a legal adult at age:
18
Adulthood is characterized by ________
Individualism
What are the characteristics of individualism?
Accepting responsibility for oneself, making independent decisions, and becoming financially independent
What is considered the transition to adulthood in Israel?
Completing military service
What is considered the transition to adulthood in Argentina?
Being able to support a family financially
What is considered the transition to adulthood in India and China?
Being able to support their parents financially
What is individualism?
Learning to stand alone, being self-sufficient, and values of independence and self-expression
________ is needed to understand the relation between correlation and causation
Interpretation
What are three key issues faced by young people in North Africa and the Middle East because of the influence of the Muslim religion in the 21st century?
The strength of Islam, Patriarchal authority, and the position of women
What are four key issues faced by young people in Asia in the 21st century?
The tradition of filial piety, arranged marriages and dating, the intense pressure at the secondary school level, and the rights of women
What is the tradition of filial piety?
When children are expected to respect, obey, and revere their parents
What are four key issues faced by young people in India in the 21st century?
School versus work, the tradition of early arranged marriages, the caste system, and the rights of women
What are two key issues faced by people Latin America in the 21st century?
Political stability, and economic growth
What are four key issues faced by people in the West in the 21st century?
Education, unemployment, leisure, and young “minorities”
What is globalization?
Globalization means increasing technology and economic integration to make the world more homogeneous.
What does it mean to be bicultural?
Bicultural is defined as becoming aware of one’s local identity and the larger global culture identity
What is adolescence?
A period of the life course between the time puberty begins and the time adult status is approached, when young people are in the process of preparing to take on the roles and responsibilities of adulthood in their culture
What is a Life-Cycle service?
A period in their late teens and 20s in which young people from the 16th to the 19th century engaged in domestic service, or apprenticeships in various trades and crafts
What is culture?
Culture is the total pattern of a group’s distinctive way of life, including customs, art, technologies, and beliefs
What is the West?
Cultural group of countries that includes the United States, Europe, Canada, Australia, and New Zealand. Distinctive characteristics include stable democracies, secularism, consumerism, and individualism
What are developed countries?
Economic classification that includes the wealthy countries of the world, comprising about 18% of the total world population
What is the American majority culture?
The cultural sector of American society, mostly White, that has the most economic and political power and sets most of the norms and standards
What is a society?
A group of people who interact in the course of sharing a common geographical area. A single society may include a variety of cultures with different customs, religions, family traditions, and economic practices.
What is a traditional culture?
A culture that adheres to long-established beliefs and practices. Usually not economically developed
What are developing countries?
Economic classification that includes the less-wealthy countries of the world, in the process of economic development, comprising about 82% of the total world population.
What is socioeconomic status?
Classification of social class and economic status, including educational attainment and occupational status.
Who are young people?
Term that includes adolescents as well as emerging adults, across a broad age range of 10 to 25.
What is Lamarckian?
Reference to Lamark’s ideas, popular in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, that evolution takes place as a result of accumulated experience such that organisms pass on their characteristics from one generation to the next in the form of memories and acquired characteristics
What is recapitulation?
Now-discredited theory that held that the development of each individual recapitulates the evolutionary development of the human species as a whole.
What is Storm and Stress?
A theory promoted by G. Stanley Hall asserting that adolescence is inevitably a time of mood disruptions, conflict with parents, and antisocial behaviour
What is stratified sampling?
Sampling technique in which researchers select participants so that various categories of people are represented in propor- tions equal to their presence in the population.
What is a random sample?
Sampling technique in which the people selected for participation in a study are chosen randomly, meaning that no one in the population has a better or worse chance of being selected than anyone else.
What is emerging adulthood?
Period from roughly ages 18 to 25 in industrialized countries during which young people become more independent from parents and explore various life possibilities before making enduring commitments.
What is early adolescence?
Period of human development lasting from about age 10 to about age 14
What is late adolescence?
Period of human development lasting from about age 15 to about age 18
What is individualism?
Cultural belief system that emphasizes the desirability of independence, self-sufficiency, and self-expression.
What is collectivism?
A set of beliefs asserting that it is important for people to mute their individual desires to contribute to the well- being and success of the group. Includes values of duty and obligations to others.
What is interdependence?
The web of commitments, attachments, and obligations that exist in some human groups
What is meant by the term ‘representative’
Characteristic of a sample that refers to the degree to which it accurately represents the population of interest.
What is meant by the term ‘generalizable’
Characteristic of a sample that refers to the degree to which findings based on the sample can be used to make accurate statements about the population of interest.
What is ethnographic research?
Research in which scholars spend a considerable amount of time among the people they wish to study, usually living among them
What is the experimental research method?
A research method that entails assigning participants randomly to an experimental group that received a treatment and a control group that did not receive the treatment, then comparing the two groups in a posttest.
What is a caste system?
Hindu belief that people are born into a particular caste based on their moral and spiritual conduct in their previous life. A person’s caste then determines their status in Indian society.
What is the textbook definition for adolescence?
A period of the life course between the time puberty begins and the time adult status is approached, when young people are in the process of preparing to take on the roles and responsibilities of adulthood in their culture.
What is the children’s crusade?
In 1212, young crusaders set out for Germany for the Mediterranean coast, believing that when they arrived, the Red Seas would part for them as they did for Moses. Because of their innocence, many kids were kidnapped, raped, or robbed.
What is life-cycle service?
A period in their late teens and 20s in which young people from the 16th to 19th century engaged in domestic service, farm service, or apprentinceships in various trades and crafts
What is culture?
The total pattern of a group’s distinctive way of life, including customs, art, technologies, and beliefs.
What is known as ‘the West’
Cultural group of countries that includes the United States, Europe, Canada, Australia, and New Zealand. Distinctive char- acteristics include stable democracies, secularism, consumer- ism, and individualism.
What are developed countries?
Economic classification that includes the wealthy countries of the world, comprising about 18% of the total world population.
What is American majority culture?
Cultural sector of American society, mostly White, that has the most economic and political power and sets most of the norms and standards.
What is society?
A group of people who interact in the course of sharing a com- mon geographical area. A single society may include a variety of cultures with different customs, religions, family traditions, and economic practices.
What is traditional culture?
Culture that adheres to long-established beliefs and practices. Usually not economically developed.
What are developing countries?
Economic classification that includes the less-wealthy coun- tries of the world, in the process of economic development, comprising about 82% of the total world population.
What is socioeconomic status (SES)?
Classification of social class and economic status, including educational attainment and occupational status.
Who are young people?
Term that includes adolescents as well as emerging adults, across a broad age range of 10 to 25.
Who is G. Stanley Hall?
The founder of the scholarly study of adolescence
What is Lamarckian?
Reference to Lamarck’s ideas, popular in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, that evolution takes place as a result of accumulated experience such that organisms pass on their characteristics from one generation to the next in the form of memories and acquired characteristics
What is recapitulation?
Now-discredited theory that held that the development of each individual recapitulates the evolutionary development of the human species as a whole
What is storm and stress?
Theory promoted by G. Stanley Hall asserting that adolescence is inevitably a time of mood disruptions, conflict with parents, and antisocial behaviour
what are the 5 characteristics that distinguish emerging adulthood from other age periods?
- Identity explorations
- Instability
- Self-focus
- Feeling in-between
- Possibilities/optimism
What is emerging adulthood?
Period from roughly ages 18 to 25 in industrialized countries during which young people become more independent from parents and explore various life possibilities before making enduring commitments.
What is individualism?
Cultural belief system that emphasizes the desirability of independence, self-sufficiency and self-expression
What is collectivism?
A set of beliefs asserting that it is important for people to mute their individual desires to contribute to the well- being and success of the group. Includes values of duty and obligations to others.
What is interdependence?
The web of commitments, attachments, and obligations that exist in some human groups
What is a filial piety?
Confucian belief, common in many Asian societies, that children are obligated to respect, obey, and revere their parents, especially the father
What is globalization?
Increasing worldwide technological and economic integration, which is making different parts of the world increasingly connected and increasingly similar culturally.
