week 1: atom/matter

Question 1

atoms compose ______

Answer 1

all matter

Question 2

3 basic particles of an atom

Answer 2

protons, neutrons, electrons

Question 3

the nucleus is held together by a strong nuclear force that creates ________

Answer 3

binding energy

Question 4

defined energy levels

Answer 4

electron shells

Question 5

energy levels are each at a _________ from the nucleus

Answer 5

different distance

Question 6

each electron shell is lettered beginning with ___ which is ________

Answer 6

“K”, nearest the nucleus

Question 7

After “K,” the naming progresses in this way:

Answer 7

“L,” “M,” “N,” etc.

Question 8

the shells fill from the K shell _______; the _________ may not fill completely

Answer 8

outward, outermost shells

Question 9

how can the electron shell limit be found?

Answer 9

with the formula 2n^2

Question 10

in the formula 2n^2 the n is the ________

Answer 10

shell number

Question 11

the outermost shell can hold a maximum of ______

Answer 11

8 electrons

Question 12

_____ = chemical shorthand

Answer 12

atomic nomenclature

Question 13

the large letter is the ______

Answer 13

chemical symbol

Question 14

the upper number is the _____________

Answer 14

atomic mass number

Question 15

the lower number is the

Answer 15

atomic number

Question 16

the _____________ tells you the number of protons/electrons

Answer 16

atomic number

Question 17

the _________ tells you the number of protons/neutrons

Answer 17

atomic mass number

Question 18

atomic number is the number of _____ in each atom

Answer 18

protons (and hence electrons)

Question 19

atomic mass number is the number of _________ in each atom

Answer 19

neutrons and protons

Question 20

The more complex the atom, the (greater/lesser) the opportunity for interaction

Answer 20

greater

Question 21

positive ion occurs when _________

Answer 21

there are more protons than electrons

Question 22

negative ion occurs when _____________

Answer 22

there are more electrons than protons

Question 23

electrical charge is a ___________ of matter

Answer 23

characteristic

Question 24

Who likened atoms to the solar system

Answer 24

Niehls Bohr

Question 25

the _____ first used the word “atom”

Answer 25

Greeks

Question 26

the atom is mostly made up of what?

Answer 26

empty space

Question 27

what is the purpose of binding energy?

Answer 27

holding protons and neutrons together

Question 28

A particle that has two protons bound to two neutrons, but no electrons. This particle has the same nucleus as a helium atom, but ______________ is not an atom because it has no electrons.

Answer 28

an alpha particle

Question 29

Proton mass: ______
Neutron mass: _______

Answer 29

Proton mass: 1.672x10-27kg
Neutron mass: 1.675x10-27kg

Question 30

Electron mass: ______

Answer 30

9.109x10-31kg

Question 31

Atomic number = __
Atomic mass number = __

Answer 31

Atomic number = Z
Atomic mass number = A

Question 32

(All/not all) isotopes are radioactive

Answer 32

not all

Question 33

The energy that holds protons and neutrons together in the nucleus through the force of attraction; it is also the _________________

Answer 33

binding energy; the amount of energy needed to break up the nucleus

Question 34

The energy that keeps electrons in their shells

Answer 34

electron binding energy

Question 35

The electron binding energy of any one electron depends on________________ and ___________

Answer 35

how close the electron is to the nucleus; the total number of electrons in the atom.

Question 36

The force of attraction between all the particles of a nucleus, both protons and neutrons

Answer 36

strong nuclear force

Question 37

radiotherapy used for accessible tumors or tumor in body cavities; can offer a large dose

Answer 37

brachytherapy

Question 38

radiotherapy in which external beam used to give max dose to tumor and minimum to surrounding structures

Answer 38

teletherapy

Question 39

radiotherapy used for insertion of radionuclide for tissue to uptake and receive radiation

Answer 39

nuclear medicine

Question 40

radiation treatment given over a series of treatments rather than in one dose

Answer 40

fractionation

Question 41

which travels faster: xrays/gamma rays or sound waves?

Answer 41

xrays/gamma waves

Question 42

inner shells have (higher/lower) energy and (higher/lower) binding energies

Answer 42

lower energy; higher binding energies