week 1: atom/matter Flashcards

1
Q

atoms compose ______

A

all matter

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2
Q

3 basic particles of an atom

A

protons, neutrons, electrons

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3
Q

the nucleus is held together by a strong nuclear force that creates ________

A

binding energy

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4
Q

defined energy levels

A

electron shells

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5
Q

energy levels are each at a _________ from the nucleus

A

different distance

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6
Q

each electron shell is lettered beginning with ___ which is ________

A

“K”, nearest the nucleus

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7
Q

After “K,” the naming progresses in this way:

A

“L,” “M,” “N,” etc.

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8
Q

the shells fill from the K shell _______; the _________ may not fill completely

A

outward, outermost shells

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9
Q

how can the electron shell limit be found?

A

with the formula 2n^2

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10
Q

in the formula 2n^2 the n is the ________

A

shell number

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11
Q

the outermost shell can hold a maximum of ______

A

8 electrons

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12
Q

_____ = chemical shorthand

A

atomic nomenclature

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13
Q

the large letter is the ______

A

chemical symbol

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14
Q

the upper number is the _____________

A

atomic mass number

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15
Q

the lower number is the

A

atomic number

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16
Q

the _____________ tells you the number of protons/electrons

A

atomic number

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17
Q

the _________ tells you the number of protons/neutrons

A

atomic mass number

18
Q

atomic number is the number of _____ in each atom

A

protons (and hence electrons)

19
Q

atomic mass number is the number of _________ in each atom

A

neutrons and protons

20
Q

The more complex the atom, the (greater/lesser) the opportunity for interaction

21
Q

positive ion occurs when _________

A

there are more protons than electrons

22
Q

negative ion occurs when _____________

A

there are more electrons than protons

23
Q

electrical charge is a ___________ of matter

A

characteristic

24
Q

Who likened atoms to the solar system

A

Niehls Bohr

25
the _____ first used the word "atom"
Greeks
26
the atom is mostly made up of what?
empty space
27
what is the purpose of binding energy?
holding protons and neutrons together
28
A particle that has two protons bound to two neutrons, but no electrons. This particle has the same nucleus as a helium atom, but ______________ is not an atom because it has no electrons.
an alpha particle
29
Proton mass: ______ Neutron mass: _______
Proton mass: 1.672x10-27kg Neutron mass: 1.675x10-27kg
30
Electron mass: ______
9.109x10-31kg
31
Atomic number = __ Atomic mass number = __
Atomic number = Z Atomic mass number = A
32
(All/not all) isotopes are radioactive
not all
33
The energy that holds protons and neutrons together in the nucleus through the force of attraction; it is also the _________________
binding energy; the amount of energy needed to break up the nucleus
34
The energy that keeps electrons in their shells
electron binding energy
35
The electron binding energy of any one electron depends on________________ and ___________
how close the electron is to the nucleus; the total number of electrons in the atom.
36
The force of attraction between all the particles of a nucleus, both protons and neutrons
strong nuclear force
37
radiotherapy used for accessible tumors or tumor in body cavities; can offer a large dose
brachytherapy
38
radiotherapy in which external beam used to give max dose to tumor and minimum to surrounding structures
teletherapy
39
radiotherapy used for insertion of radionuclide for tissue to uptake and receive radiation
nuclear medicine
40
radiation treatment given over a series of treatments rather than in one dose
fractionation
41
which travels faster: xrays/gamma rays or sound waves?
xrays/gamma waves
42
inner shells have (higher/lower) energy and (higher/lower) binding energies
lower energy; higher binding energies