week 1: atom/matter Flashcards
atoms compose ______
all matter
3 basic particles of an atom
protons, neutrons, electrons
the nucleus is held together by a strong nuclear force that creates ________
binding energy
defined energy levels
electron shells
energy levels are each at a _________ from the nucleus
different distance
each electron shell is lettered beginning with ___ which is ________
“K”, nearest the nucleus
After “K,” the naming progresses in this way:
“L,” “M,” “N,” etc.
the shells fill from the K shell _______; the _________ may not fill completely
outward, outermost shells
how can the electron shell limit be found?
with the formula 2n^2
in the formula 2n^2 the n is the ________
shell number
the outermost shell can hold a maximum of ______
8 electrons
_____ = chemical shorthand
atomic nomenclature
the large letter is the ______
chemical symbol
the upper number is the _____________
atomic mass number
the lower number is the
atomic number
the _____________ tells you the number of protons/electrons
atomic number
the _________ tells you the number of protons/neutrons
atomic mass number
atomic number is the number of _____ in each atom
protons (and hence electrons)
atomic mass number is the number of _________ in each atom
neutrons and protons
The more complex the atom, the (greater/lesser) the opportunity for interaction
greater
positive ion occurs when _________
there are more protons than electrons
negative ion occurs when _____________
there are more electrons than protons
electrical charge is a ___________ of matter
characteristic
Who likened atoms to the solar system
Niehls Bohr
the _____ first used the word “atom”
Greeks
the atom is mostly made up of what?
empty space
what is the purpose of binding energy?
holding protons and neutrons together
A particle that has two protons bound to two neutrons, but no electrons. This particle has the same nucleus as a helium atom, but ______________ is not an atom because it has no electrons.
an alpha particle
Proton mass: ______
Neutron mass: _______
Proton mass: 1.672x10-27kg
Neutron mass: 1.675x10-27kg
Electron mass: ______
9.109x10-31kg
Atomic number = __
Atomic mass number = __
Atomic number = Z
Atomic mass number = A
(All/not all) isotopes are radioactive
not all
The energy that holds protons and neutrons together in the nucleus through the force of attraction; it is also the _________________
binding energy; the amount of energy needed to break up the nucleus
The energy that keeps electrons in their shells
electron binding energy
The electron binding energy of any one electron depends on________________ and ___________
how close the electron is to the nucleus; the total number of electrons in the atom.
The force of attraction between all the particles of a nucleus, both protons and neutrons
strong nuclear force
radiotherapy used for accessible tumors or tumor in body cavities; can offer a large dose
brachytherapy
radiotherapy in which external beam used to give max dose to tumor and minimum to surrounding structures
teletherapy
radiotherapy used for insertion of radionuclide for tissue to uptake and receive radiation
nuclear medicine
radiation treatment given over a series of treatments rather than in one dose
fractionation
which travels faster: xrays/gamma rays or sound waves?
xrays/gamma waves
inner shells have (higher/lower) energy and (higher/lower) binding energies
lower energy; higher binding energies
