Week 1 - ACEs and What are Microskills Flashcards
The most basic of all human needs is the need to understand and to be understood. The best way to understand people is to WHAT
listen to them
A process used for gathering data, providing information, and helping clients resolve issues is what?
Interviewing, counselling, or psychotherapy
Interviewing
What is more about listening to and understanding a client’s life challenges and, with the client, developing strategies for change and growth?
Interviewing, counselling, or psychotherapy
counselling
Which focuses on more deep-seated personality or behavioral difficulties, and may take longer?
Interviewing, counselling, or psychotherapy
psychotherapy
T/F - Knowing who you are when you meet others in their suffering/pain/growth/discovery/healing is a requirement in social work practice and requires:
• Self Reflective Practice (thinking)
• Self Location
• Positionality
• Knowing your personal history
• ACES/Resilience score
• Desire to be open and the desire to grow
• Critical Analysis – seeking feedback
• Self Reflexive Practice (doing)
True
Self-location is an important WHAT function.
cognitive function (how do we understand things and act once we can self locate)
What (SL) demonstrates how perception and action are interrelated and connected, (one’s self-perception and one’s capacity to act, and the variation of those actions).
Self-location
WHAT is an active response to colonialism and WHY
Self-location. It requires that people consider how they arrived here, why they are here, who they share this space with, and what that might mean for others.
Establishing where we exist in relation to the thing (counselling) we’re going to do is critical; decolonizing is about actively WHAT.
actively doing
T/F - Self-location does not encourage listeners to reposition themselves in the conversation
False, it does encourage this!
Ask yourself these questions to determine your WHAT?
• Where do you come from?
• Where are you going?
• Why are you here?
• Who are you?
Self-location, which informs how we sit in the presence of others – when you know our-self and our self-location, know your privilege and power
ACEs include
5 Household Dysfunction
3 Abuses
2 - Neglect
which are?
Household dysfunction
1. Substance misuse
2. Parental separation/divorce
3. Mental illness
4. Battered mother
5. Criminal behavior (in jail)
Abuse
6. Emotional
7. Physical
8. Sexual
Neglect
9. Emotional
10. Physical
T/F - ACE score have been described as a cholesterol score for childhood trauma.
true
They say ACE score of 4 or more then things start getting serious, but…
this is NOT TRUE (not a magic number to assign risk).
T/F - brain cannot distinguish one type of toxic stress from another; it’s all toxic stress, with the same impact
true
T/F - only when you have a high ACE score do you have toxic stress
False, any ACEs have toxic stress, don’t get hung up on the score in a counseling session
T/F - ACEs are not interrelated and do not pile up
false, ACEs “pile up” & have cumulative impact (account for many health/social problems)
- it’s a research tool for learning about origin of public health problems
- measure for public health surveys
- measure to show how adversity piles up to increase risk
- provides prevention perspective
- history / narrative tool to make sense of why their lives look the way they do
Are those strengths or limitations of ACE scores
Strengths
T/F - a limitation of ACE scores is that the questions used to measure ACE scores don’t address frequency, intensity, was it chronic or daily, there are gender differences, which age did it happen due to developing brain, individual stress
true
ACE scores are created equal?
NO, ACE scores are not created equal (so it’s not appropriate to apply the average risk from a large study to individual patients)
ACE scores can be used as a very helpful diagnostic tool or screening tool
NO, that’s a limitation of the ACE scores
People with the same ACE score will respond the same?
No, because their experience is different.
Does Colonialism, Oppression, and Patriarchy fit into the ACEs?
NO, i.e. what’s it like to be a refugee, what’s it like that your grandma went to a residential school – contextual pieces aren’t there. There is colonial, oppression, and patriarchy that we aren’t talking about.
Determinants of Health in Canada include 12 things, the first 6 are:
1. Income / social status
2. Employment / working conditions
3. Education / literacy
4. Childhood experiences / development
5. Physical environments
6. Social supports/environment
yes
T/F - mircoskills rest on the base of ethics, cultural competence and self awareness
true
Determinants of Health in Canada include 12 things, the last 6 are:
- Personal health practices and coping skills
8.Access to health services
9.Biology and genetic endowment - DNA changes due to toxic stress)
10.Gender
11.Culture
12.Race / Racism
yes
active listening allows us to anticipate how …
how the client will respond
When you have the microskills you have WHAT and can then you can pick whatever tool works in a given situation and with a given client
Flexibility
What is the communication skill “units” that help you to interact more effectively & intentionally with a client?
microskills
When you use Microskills in the session, you can…
You can anticipate how clients will respond to you
T/F - Each client you interact with will have a different experience (process), however microskills provides a basic understanding and approach (context)
False - Each client you interact with will have a different experience (content), however microskills provides a basic understanding and approach (process)
Multicultural competence, ethics, and a positive psychology/resilience approach form the very top of the microskills hierarchy?
No, they form the foundation
Every client has a different life experience, without basic understanding of and sensitivity to a client’s uniqueness the SW fails to establish a relationship and truly understand the client’s issues.
Which 3 factors make the second layer of the microskills hierarchy?
(hint Att, Emp, Obser skills)
Attending, Empathy, and Observation Skills
• Key to the listening process and cultural intentionality.
• Attending behaviour is critical for developing a working relationship and drawing out client stories
• Culturally and individually appropriate visuals (eye contact), vocal qualities, verbal tracking skills, and body language
Part of the microskills hierarchy is basic listening sequence (BLS) which is WHICH 4 items which are needed to draw out client stories and concerns more fully
Q,P,Summ,ReflectF
Questioning, paraphrasing, summarizing, and reflection of feeling
The five stage counseling session includes what?
(hint emp, st/str, go, res, act)
o Empathetic relationship
o Story & strengths
o Goals
o Restory
o Action (used instead of ending or termination
T/F - Active Strategies for change includes the focusing skills of reflection of meaning, interpretation/reframing, empathetic self-disclosure, and feedback
true
Acting with a sense of capability and choosing from among a range of alternative actions, interviewing skills, and helping theories, always considering the cultural and ethnic characteristics of the client is know as WHAT?
Cultural intentionality
Clients exist in a multicultural situation and context is know as WHAT?
Cultural Intentionality
Think of the interview as a “WHAT” in which the client can learn new skills, attitudes, and behaviors that they can take back into the “real world”
“mini-culture”
The capacity to achieve successful adaptation in the face of major challenges is known as WHAT?
Resilience
Helping a client resolve an issue is our contribution to increasing client WHAT
resilience
WHAT, basic to resilience, is the ability to respond appropriately socially, and also as the ability to manage challenging situations without losing self-control
Emotional regulation
Self-in-relation involves recognition that the primary experience of self is relational what does this mean?
– that is the self is organized & developed in the context of important relationships
WHAT demands that we understand and be with the client
Empathy
the counseling session is for the individual client, but don’t forget that the client exists in a WHAT (3 things)
multi-dimensional, multicultural, social context
structured / intentional conversations changes WHAT in the brain?
changes neural pathways
Counselling work with clients can enable them to modify WHAT and in WHICH area of the brain, to reframe past difficulties – it changes the brain!
memories, the hippocampus
Name 3 functions of Prefrontal Cortex
hint WM, Self-c, DM
• Working memory
• Self-control
• Decision making
Which are two parts of the limbic region?
Hippocampus and Amygdala
2 features of the Hippocampus (Limbic Region) include
• Learning
• Memory
2 features of the Amygdala (Limbic Region) include
• Emotional regulation -responding ‘appropriately’ while managing challenging situations
• Fear response
Brain’s ability to grow/change is due to WHAT
neuroplasticity
WHAT can result in the remodeling of our neural networks . . . a brain can rewire itself.
Neuroplasticity
The brain cannot add new neurons and connections throughout the lifespan?
False, it can! a process known as neuroplasticity.
T/F - Counselling facilitates client cognitive and emotional growth
true
T/F - Work with clients can enable them to modify memories and to reframe past difficulties as they recognize the strengths they manifested during adversity
true!
poor health, poor sleep hygiene, poor nutrition, substance abuse, and depression and anxiety promote what in the brain?
negative neuroplasticity
ACEs do not cause significant damage to the brain (and body)?
false - negative neuroplasticity
T/F - Oppression from racism, sexism, bullying, and other forms of prejudice are not as harmful to the brain?
false - they are trauma experiences
Describe the negativity bias
makes the brain like Velcro for the BAD and Teflon for the GOOD.
SO, we need to learn to take in the positive experiences, weaving them into the fabric of our brains! You can grab the good with trauma informed counseling
T/F - Our brains are made to handle stress and threats by releasing neurotransmitters that trigger our fight or flight response
true
Intentionality and sense of self are linked to WHICH part of the brain
the pre-frontal cortex.
Emotional regulation is responding ‘appropriately’ while managing challenging situations, which is linked to WHICH system in the brain
the limbic system
Emotions are generally our first response in WHICH brain area? and emotions come BEFORE our cognitive response WHICH brain area
(amygdala) . cognitive response (prefrontal cortex)
Resilience is marked by greater activation in the WHICH brain area
left prefrontal cortex.
Triggers for a person come from which area of Dr. Dan Siegel’s Hand Model?
come from thumb area (hipp and amyg)
In Dr. Dan Siegel’s Hand Model describe when the fingers wrap around the thumb?
Prefrontal cortex wraps around to say you are safe – because that’s the area where resilience comes from
In terms of Dr. Dan Siegel’s Hand Model, counseling does what?
Counseling wraps the prefrontal cortex around the thumb area
Describe “flipping your lid” from Dr. Dan Siegel’s Hand Model
Flipping your lid is when you can’t regulate their emotions in that moment – they need self-mastery
As a SW, we must expect our clients to have an enormous capacity for WHAT
change
A strength is the fact that they showed up, they are coming with issues and yet they are in front of you.
You’ll find it if you expect it – i.e. if you expect hope in the client they will have it (this is why single sessions can work)
T/F- The controlled act of psychotherapy involves five elements:
i) Treating,
ii) by means of psychotherapy technique,
iii) delivered through a therapeutic relationship,
iv) an individual’s serious disorder of thought, cognition, mood, emotional regulation, perception or memory that,
v) may seriously impair the individual’s judgement, insight, behaviour, communication or social functioning
true
T/F - CRPO has identified five broad categories of prescribed therapies:
• Cognitive and Behavioural therapies
• Experiential and Humanistic therapies
• Psychodynamic therapies
• Somatic therapies
• Systemic and Collaborative therapies
true
