Random stuff for the test Flashcards
Self-location is an important Cog? function
Self-location is not an active response to colonialism?
Through self-location you resp? yourself in the conversation
cognitive function. how we understand things and how we act
false
reposition yourself in the conversation
What 4 things make up the Focusing Skills?
reflection of meaning, interpretation/reframing, empathetic self disclosure, and feedback
emotional regulation is basic to what? (hint resil)
resilience
ability to respond appropriately socially, and also as the ability to manage challenging situations without losing self-control is called what?
- Emotional regulation
self-in-WHAT - is the self organized & developed in the context of important relationships
Self-in-relation
The self is relational
Prefrontal Cortex:
W
S
D
I & S
- Working memory
- Self-control
- Decision making
- Intentionality and sense of self
Hippocampus (Limbic Region)
* L
* M
- Learning
- Memory
Amygdala (Limbic Region)
* E
* F
- Emotional regulation
- Fear response
Counselling work with clients can enable them to modify memories in the WHERE and to reframe past difficulties – it changes the brain!
hippocampus
Brain’s ability to grow/change is due to ?
neuroplasticity
What is the term for - can result in the remodeling of our neural networks . . . a brain can rewire itself.
neuroplasticity
What is the term for - The brain is flexible and can add new neurons and connections throughout the lifespan
neuroplasticity
Damage to the brain can cause? NN
negative neuroplasticity
- Oppression from racism, sexism, bullying, and other forms of prejudice are harmful to the brain as they are trauma experiences
- Some clients are harmed by ineffective, incompetent or biased counsellors and psychotherapists
Our brain has a negativity bias, which makes the brain like …
SO, we need to learn to take in the …
Velcro for the BAD and Teflon for the GOOD
positive experiences
what is the term for responding ‘appropriately’ while managing challenging situations?
Emotional regulation
Resilience is marked by greater activation in which part of the brain
left prefrontal cortex
Emotions are generally our WHICH response (amygdala) BEFORE our WHAT response (prefrontal cortex)
first
cognitive
What is the term for - the kinds of remarks, questions, or actions that are painful because they have to do with a person’s membership in a group that’s discriminated against or subject to stereotypes.
they also happen casually, frequently, and often without any harm intended, in everyday life.
Microaggressions
Is it ethics or morals that
the rules of conduct recognized in respect to a particular class of human actions or a particular group or culture
ethics
Is it ethics or morals that
Principles or habits with respect to right or wrong conduct. they are prescribed dos and don’ts - it’s really a personal compass of right and wrong
morals
Is it ethics or morals that
comes from the social system - external. Because society says
ethics
Is it ethics or morals that
come from the individual - internal - because we believe in something as being right or wrong
morals
Is it ethics or morals that
is dependent on others for definition
ethics
an ethical person may not have morals at all, as they are following ethical principles
Is it ethics or morals that
are usually consistent, but can change if an individuals beliefs change
Transends cultural norms
morals
consciousness is a ? process
describe this
perceptual
what we see, hear, feel, taste, touch, think, feel
what we observe and perceive
A key route to becoming conscious of clients is em? un?
empathic understanding
empathy is in which part of the brain?
pre-frontal cortex
Two components of empathy – the ? (ability to be affected by the client’s emotions) and the ? (expressed empathy – translation of feelings into words)
emotional & cognitive
Emotions fuel/colour our decisions; they are activated before ? ?
cognitions
what type of emotions/feelings primarily reside in the amygdala (survival – fight, flight, etc)
negative
it is the nucleus accumbens that sends out signals to the prefrontal cortex enabling focus on the ? emotions.
positive
T/F - Negativity bias comes from our survival mode
true
open questions are:
W
H
W
Co/Wo/ca
what
how
why
could/would/can
closed questions:
i
d
a
is, do, are
What questions - lead to f?
How questions - lead to an exploration of process or f & e
Why questions can lead to a discussion of rea?
Could, can, or would questions are considered maximally open and give client ?
facts
feeling and emotion.
reasons
control
When clients sense that their story is heard, they open up and become more ready for change. This leads to more effective ? and therefore, improved cognitive understanding, organization of issues, and decision making.
executive brain functioning
Negative emotions and feelings are located primarily in the ?
amygdala
Positive emotions - nucleus accumbens sends out signals to the ? , enabling focus on the positive
prefrontal cortex
Restatement is type of ? ? (exten encou) in which the counselor or interviewer repeats short statements of two or more words exactly as used by the client.
extended encourager
T/F - restatement more basic empathy as you are simply saying again what the client said
true
T/F - A paraphrase could be additive, depending on how you phrase it and what you include.
true
Silence, accompanied by appropriate nonverbal communication, can be another type of ?
encourager
Identify the part of the paraphrase -
sometimes using the client’s name. Names help personalize the session. Examples: “Damaris, I hear you saying …,” “Luciano, sounds like …,” “Looks like the situation is….”
sentence stem
Identify the part of the paraphrase -
used by the client to describe the situation or person. Include main ideas and exact words that come from clients. This aspect of the paraphrase is sometimes confused with the encouraging restatement.
A restatement, however, covers a very limited amount of client talk and is almost entirely in the client’s own words.
2 - The key words
Identify the part of the paraphrase -
in briefer and clearer form. Identify, clarify, and feed back the client’s sometimes confused or lengthy talk into succinct and meaningful statements. The counselor has the difficult task of staying true to the client’s ideas but not repeating them exactly.
- The essence of what the client has said
Identify the part of the paraphrase -
Here you ask the client for feedback on whether the paraphrase (or other skill) was correct and useful.
4 - checkout
what uses client comments and integrates thoughts, emotions, and behaviors
essentially puts together and organizes client story, thus supporting the brain’s executive functioning.
Summary
Asking clients what they think and feel gets to the what part of the brain?
prefrontal cortex
is at a paraphrase or a summary that will help with:
-confirm meaning
-restatement of the client’s message, highlighting key words
-encourage further conversation
-helps to provide the client with new insights
-when the client has made an important point
paraphrase
is at a paraphrase or a summary that will help with:
-helps clients make sense of their lives and will facilitate a more centered and focused discussion.
-provide focus and continuity across sessions
-conveys the SW attentiveness
-condense a client’s statement into a succinct response
summary
As a client organizes the story more effectively, we are seeing growth in brain executive functioning and better decision making.
T/F - Facilitate executive brain functioning through emotional
regulation
true
Reflecting skills include what 3 skills
paraphrasing, reflecting
feelings, and summarizing
What are the skills (Refl) that are microskills used to help
stimulate a clients’ exploration of their thoughts
and feelings related to the presenting
concern/issue/problem.
These skills will stimulate a deeper understanding
of the concern/issue/problem so that the client
can examine the issues more closely
Reflecting Skills
Emotions are also the engines of ? , for without the support of our feelings, cognitive ? is nearly impossible
change & change
Reflection of feeling involves what 3 components? (hint - obs, name, back)
observing emotions, naming them, and repeating them back to the client.
What are the 6 primary emotions?
Which 3 are located in the limbic system?
Which emotions sit in the left prefrontal cortex and is also where our executive decision-making functions lie.
sad, mad, glad, scared, disgust and surprise.
sad, mad, scared/fear
positive emotional experience (e.g., glad/happy)
Difference between emotions and feelings:
Emotions are unc?
? are words we give to describe ?
*feelings are in the ? brain and emotions are in the ? brain
unconscious
feelings & emotions
upstairs & downstairs
T/f - Emotions are unconscious, brought into consciousness through feelings. Reactions are activated through neurotransmitters and hormones
true
emotions sit in which part of the brain ? – but your brain prefrontal cortex has the ? (more cognitive)
amygdala & feelings
T/f - Once your neocortex names your feelings it calms the emotional reaction in the amygdala
true
What is the term to describe the ability to perceive/recognize, understand, manage, and handle emotions in oneself and others
This skill Is essential For building relationships and managing challenges
Emotional Intelligence
Which part of the Reflection of feeling is:
“I hear you are feeling …,” “Sounds like you feel …,” “I sense you are feeling. …”
- Sentence stem.
Which part of the Reflection of feeling is:
Add an emotional word or feeling label to the stem (“Angelica, you seem to feel sad about …,” “Looks like you’re happy.” For mixed feelings, more than one emotional word may be used (“Miguel, you appear both glad and sad …”).
- Feeling label.
Which part of the Reflection of feeling is:
You may add a brief paraphrase to broaden the reflection of feelings. The words about, when, and because are only three of many that add context to a reflection of feelings (“Angelica, you seem to feel angry about all the things that have happened in the past two weeks”
- Context or brief paraphrase.
Which part of the Reflection of feeling is:
Reflections in the present tense (“Right now, you look very angry”) tend to be more useful than those in the past (“You felt angry when …”).
- Tense and immediacy.
Which part of the Reflection of feeling is:
see whether your reflection of feelings is accurate. This is especially helpful if the feeling is unspoken (“You really feel angry and frustrated today—am I hearing you correctly?”).
- Checkout.
Which part of the Reflection of feeling is:
do this to counter the negatives and difficulties.
- Bring out positive strengths and emotional stories
– reflects content/thoughts
paraphrase or reflection of feeling?
paraphrase
Match these:
begin the session
Open Questions, Closed Questions, Encouragers, Paraphrase, Reflection of Feeling, Summary
Open Questions
Match these:
assessment and clarification
Open Questions, Closed Questions, Encouragers, Paraphrase, Reflection of Feeling, Summary
Closed Questions
Match these:
Encourage more of the clients story, evoke details throughout
Open Questions, Closed Questions, Encouragers, Paraphrase, Reflection of Feeling, Summary
Encouragers
Match these:
reflect essence of client talk
Open Questions, Closed Questions, Encouragers, Paraphrase, Reflection of Feeling, Summary
Paraphrase
Match these:
examine key emotions through reflecting
Open Questions, Closed Questions, Encouragers, Paraphrase, Reflection of Feeling, Summary
Reflection of Feeling
Match these:
review and accuracy
Open Questions, Closed Questions, Encouragers, Paraphrase, Reflection of Feeling, Summary
Summary
The web of relations is affected by CEC - what is that?
Cultural, environment, context
We are deeply affected by our family and how we grew up in our community(ies) of origin.
Help clients see themselves in relation to their present and past families.
Focus can be expanded to include many things.
E.g., Gender, race/ethnicity, sexual orientation, spirituality/ religion, socioeconomic status, multiple contextual issues
“What are some strengths you gain from your spirituality?”
What is a tool to help us discover client uniqueness (RESPECTFUL) and understand their broader context (friends, family, community)
community genogram
What is the tool that:
Free-form activity where the client uses their own style
Helps the client generate a sense of connection
Allows searching for positives
Community Genogram
What is the tool to:
-understand the families’ ecology and their environment. It is an assessment of their ecology.
-give counsellors a comprehensive picture of many things, that may include: family dynamics, connection to their social systems and the community, the family unit’s level of connection to the external world, areas of deprivation where resources may be needed or strengthened, and areas of service duplication
Ecomap
What is the tool to help with:
-understanding how clients were influenced by their family (of origin)
-is a trans-generational depiction of one’s family pattern/legacy (received from ancestors)
-understanding the complexity of the family context and its connections to past and current emotional issues
Genogram
Genograms can highlight:
Family Perceptions
Family Characteristics
Relationships
Behaviours
Maintaining Factors
Family Legacy (impact)
T/F - Focusing is a skill that will facilitate cognitive/emotional development.
true
Understanding the Web of Relationships:
What is the term for - defines the “individual self” as existing in relationship to others. It is an expansion of the former view of an “independent self-constructing self.”
What is the term for - points out that all of us are beings who grow in the here-and-now moment as we interact with others.
What is the term for - points out that our family and community history live within each of us.
self-in-relation
being-in-relation
person-as-community
What is the skill to - Encourage clients to explore their own meanings and values in more depth from their own
perspective, but also the perspectives of others.
Reflection of Meaning
What skill looks very much like a paraphrase but focuses
beyond what the client says Appearing often are the words:
meaning, values, vision, and goals
Reflection of Meaning
Can a reflection of meaning be structured similarly to a paraphrase or reflection of feeling?
yes
What is the therapeutic technique where you help a client
consider an idea from a different point of view, taking
the evidence as it is but coming to a different conclusion
reframing
can be called Reframing (interpretation)
What is the skill to provide the client with a new
perspective or way of thinking about issues.
may come from your observations; they may be based on varying theoretical orientations to the helping field; or they may ink critical ideas together.
Reframing
can be called Reframing (interpretation)
