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io > Week 1 > Flashcards

Week 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Organization enables…

A

Usage & Reuse

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2
Q

An intentionally arranged collection of resources and the interactions they support is a…

A

Organizing system

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3
Q

The DIKW hierarchy stands for…

A

Data, Information, Knowledge and Wisdom

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4
Q

The questions for designing or assessing an organisation system are…

A

1) What is being organized? 2) Why is it being organized? 3) How much is it being organized? 4) When is it being organized? 5) How or by whom is it being organized?

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5
Q

What do we organize?

A

Things, information, information about things

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6
Q

A quality of an object, or an environment, which allows an individual to perform an action is an…

A

Affordance

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7
Q

Different objects enable different…

A

organization paradigms

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8
Q

Affordances allow for clear connections in the physical space, but not so much in the…

A

information space

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9
Q

We organize because…

A

we want to bring things together (collection); we want to achieve a task (customer management, science, etc.); to preserve information; to support task performance; to support automation; to achieve broader insititutional goals.

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10
Q

An organization maintaining a repository of public knowledge is a…

A

Memory institution

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11
Q

Examples of a memory institution are…

A

libraries, archives, heritage (monuments & sites) institutions, aquaria and arboreta, and zoological and botanical gardens, as well as providers of digital libraries and data aggregation services which serve as memories for given societies or mankind.

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12
Q

The activities people perform in order to acquire, organize, maintain, retrieve, and use personal information items such as documents (paper-based and digital), web pages, and email messages are collectively called…

A

Personal information management (PIM)

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13
Q

Examples of entities doing the organization are…

A

professionals, creators themselves, computers, crowdsourcing, non-creator users (community), a combination of those.

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14
Q

We can contrast the organization imposed on resources as…

A

on the way in (when the resources are created or made part of the collection) / on the way out (when the organization is imposed when an interaction with resources occurs)

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15
Q

An organization that spontaneously emerges from and exists in a complex dynamic environment or market place, rather than being a construct or copy of something that already exists is called…

A

Emergent organization

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16
Q

Systems for information organization, traditionally from the memory institutions, that try to provide semantics and specify relationships between symbols and concepts to help with disambiguation, grouping and usage are called…

A

Knowledge Organization Systems (KOS)

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17
Q

The KOS imposes a particular view of the world on a…

A

collection and the items in it.

18
Q

The same entity can be characterized in different ways, depending on the…

A

KOS that is used.

19
Q

For a user to use a KOS with reasonable reliability, there must be sufficient commonality between…

A

the representation of an concept inside a KOS and the real world object properties to which that concept refers.

20
Q

Examples of a term list are…

A

glossaries, dictionaries, authority files (preferred terms), gazetteer, controlled vocabularies, tags

21
Q

Examples of classifications are…

A

taxonomy, subject headings in controlled vocabularies , folksonomys

22
Q

Examples of Relationship lists are…

A

thesaurus, semantic networks, ontologies, mind maps, itation networks.

23
Q

Information organization systems require…

A

design decisions

24
Q

Organization systems enable and limit how things can be…

A

description / described

25
Q

Description of things depend on…

A

size, audience, goal, context.

26
Q

Possible properties of description are…

A

cultural & contextual properties, physical properties, name, structural properties.

27
Q

Good descriptions are…

A

convenient for the user, significant, accurate, representative, commonly used, sufficient and necessary, standardised and integral.

28
Q

A common representation or naming problem is called a…

A

vocabulary problem.

29
Q

The difference between ambiguous formulation of contextual knowledge in a powerful language (e.g. natural language) and its sound, reproducible and computational representation in a formal language (e.g. programming language is called a…

A

semantic gap

30
Q

What provides the framework for descriptions in information organization?

A

Modelling / a model.

31
Q

Modeling can have multiple notations? True or False.

A

True

32
Q

In different situations, the same “thing” can be treated as…

A

a unique item, a component of an item rather than an item on its own, or one of many equivalent members of broad category.

33
Q

Digital things allow for interactions (sorting, filtering, grouping, searching) which are not possible for physical things because the physical things are…

A

constrained by location, size, can be only at one place at a time. While digital things can be contained in multiple location, with multiply owners at a time.

34
Q

Almost by definition, the essential purpose of any organizing system is to…

A

describe and arrange resources such that they can be located and accessed later.

35
Q

If system can turn its interaction traces into interaction resources, it can be later used as…

A

information to improve and enhance the interactions, suggest new ones, and how individual users or groups will interact with them.

36
Q

Resources are always organized in ways that are designed to allocate value for…

A

some people (the owners of the resource, or the most frequent users of them), and not for others.

37
Q

Subtle differences in resource arrangement, the number and framing of choices and default values can have substantial influence on…

A

the decisions people make

38
Q

A detailed description produced by sensors or computers can seem…

A

more detailed and authoritative than a simpler description made by humans.

39
Q

Organizining more resources entails…

A

needing more descriptions (to distinguish the new resources from the already existing ones)

40
Q

Digital resources created by automated process often exhibit…

A

a high level of organization and structure.

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