Week 1

Question 1

Guiseppe Tartini

Answer 1

Italian musician who played violin and could play 2 tones at the same time or very close together. he noticed that he can hear more than 2 tones when he does this which were called “Tartini tones”

Question 2

Hermann von Helmholtz

Answer 2

though that the cochlea was a linear passive frequency analyzer and that the tones were coming from overloading the middle war making it nonlinear instead of coming from the inner ear (cochlea)

Question 3

Thomas Gold

Answer 3

astrophysicist who challenged Helmholtz and von bekesy’s idea that the cochlea was passive and thought instead that there was an electromechanical process of the cochlea used to reduce damping due to the viscosity of the fluids of the cochlea

Question 4

David Kemp

Answer 4

presented tones or clicks to the ear canal and measured the signal coming back with a mic in the ear canal
*1978 he wrote a famous paper on OAEs showing that when sound is presented to the ear, an additional sound can be recorded in the ear canal

Question 5

Johnsen et al.

Answer 5

1983 they published the 1st article about a clinical application of OAEs (detect HL in babies)

Question 6

when did TEOAEs and DPOAEs become commercially available?

Answer 6

the early to middle 1990s

Question 7

Glen Wever and Charles Bray

Answer 7

princeton university psychology; 1930

• found the cochlear microphonic (the first thing measured by OAEs)
• put a wire on the auditory nerve of a cat and the wire runs down the hall to another room and is attached to a loudspeaker. when someone talks by the cat, it can be heard through the loudspeaker
• –hypothesize the auditory nerve is creating the cochlear microphonic

Question 8

Edgar Douglus Adrian

Answer 8

cambridge
tries to explain what wever and bray found
*covers nerve with ice and severs it and finds that the response disappears when the nerve is severed but not with ice
*disappears when severed because of loss of blood flow to cochlea, not because of the nerve itself
*concludes the response is from the cochlea and calls it the “cochlear microphonic”

Question 9

Leon Saul and Hallowell Davis

Answer 9

Harvard Med

• recorded the CM at different levels of the auditory system and sees words are clearer from nerve, but decide the CM comes from the cochlea and spreads out from there
• –also recorded the action current which is now known as the action potential

Question 10

Davis and von Bekesy

Answer 10

independently record and describe a direct current response coming from the inner ear (this becomes the summating potential)

• this was in the 1950s
• –people had been measuring it but didnt think it was important, thought it was just artifact, but Davis suggested it is from the IHCs