Week 1 Flashcards
T/F: Percent of elderly is increasing globally
True. Australia has a lot of older adults along with USA, Canada.
T/F: In CA, fastest growing age group in CA is 65+
False. 85+ is fastest growing age group in CA
T/F: Diversity is increasing with Whites going down, Asians going up.
False. Diversity is increasing with Whites going down, HISPANICS going up.
What might account for decreases in disabling effects of certain diseases in older adults? (possible short answer question?)
possible answers: Physical activity, behaviors and daily activities (computers), osteoarthritis (wear and tear of living longer)
What are some of the recent mortality trends ?
- Doing better with breast cancer, ischemic heart disease, stroke.
- Not doing well is lung cancer and Alzheimer’s disease, diabetes or COPD
- Falls is getting worse
T/F: Rates of death due to breast cancer, ischemic heart disease, stroke are decreasing.
True. We are doing better with better with breast cancer, ischemic heart disease, stroke.
study of aging (biological, sociological, pysch)
Gerontology
medical services for older people
Geriatrics
growing older (begins at birth and is universal)
Aging
successful multidimensional aging process which includes physical, psychological, function, and social health components
active aging
changes occurring in older adulthood; differentiated from pathological processes but may interact reciprocally with illness and disease presentation
age related changes
Intervention focused on maintaining health and avoiding disease rather than treating disease once it occurred
Health promotion
age related pathological state of loss of physiologic reserve that leads to physical impairments, functional limitations and disability
frailty
What are 5 criteria to be frail?
- loss of strength/weakness (muscles)
- exhaustion/fatigue/loss of endurance
- loss of weight (10 lbs in last year)
- slow walking speed
- low physical activity
length of time a person lives/age since birth
Chronological age
decline of functional properties at cellular, tissue, organ level
Biological aging
changes occur in capabilities related to mental and cognitive functioning, self esteem and self efficacy, learning, memory, and perception (how old do you feel?) subjective aging, people’s attitudes towards aging
Psychological aging
an individual’s changing roles and relationships in social structure (w/ family, friends, work, organizations such as religious groups)
Social age
Old old:
75+
Older adult
65+
Senior
55+
Oldest old
85+
What are factors affecting older adults?
Gender, Cohort effects, Public policy and social factors, SES, Residence, experiences/personal characteristics, cultural factors, social attitudes, roles
T/F: Men report decrease in quality of life/satisfaction when a woman passes away since women responsible for social network) When remarried, men’s life satisfaction go up, women stay the same after remarriage
True!
historical effects impacting generation of people or older adults
Cohort effect
renewed until 2019 – supports aging care, nutrition, caregiver support, transportation, adult day care, older adult rights
Older Americans Act (OAA)
Is there intergenerational conflict?
research saying younger adults resent older adults? Not born in research!
Why is SS an issue?
Working population that put money into social security isn’t as large as older population who is retiring, dependency ratio is changing
What is the present health of Older Adults (65+)?
92% have ≥1 and 50% ≥2 chronic diseases.
80% take ≥1 medication; majority take 2-3
40% of older adults in nursing home facilities take 9+ meds, and 59% take unnecessary meds
How does income and education affect health?
If you have a lower income and less education, generally your health is poorer possibly b/c of risky behavior taking, health literacy, access to medical care
Definition of aging in place
remaining in your own home when aging
advantage/drawback of living in a rural area
advantage: less stress, less exposure to chemicals/smog, intimacy in relationships (informal support system strong)
drawback: limited access to medical services
advantage/drawback of living in suburban area
advantage: there’s good access when they can drive, usually have financial resources, they do have senior communities designed for them and can move there but risk isolation
drawback: issues when license is taken away, informal support system isn’t as strong
advantage/ drawback of urban area
advantage: access to transportation, diversity
drawback: strained financial resources
Why is the homeless population increasing in older adults?
- housing prices are increasing
- outliving savings
- estrangement from support systems
- lack of services for mental health
- deinstitutionalization of ppl w/ mental health issues
how does genetics influence aging?
could have predisposition for diabetes, chronic disease, Alzheimer’s
how do personality traits influence aging?
personality usually stable through life; influences outlook and behavior of individuals, i.e. extroversion is positive aging
Do developed areas or developing/less developed countries have more oldest old?
more developed has wider margin of oldest old
current attitudes toward aging
mixed, ambivalent, uncertain, biased, portrayals can be negative
can views toward aging be changed?
yes, through systematic efforts at education and positive individual experiences w/ older adults
occupational deprivation defintion
a state in which a person is unable to do what is necessary and meaningful in his life due to external restrictions
why might older adults be occupationally deprived?
physical health, driving, access, opportunities for available activities, environment
what types of events might trigger life transitions/role changes?
retirement, grandchildren, death of significant other/ widowhood, caregiving for a spouse
T/F: Men tend to experience widowhood more than women
False
what are some reasons for late-life relocation?
life events, transitions, expectations, downsizing house
define empowerment
social process of recognizing and promoting people’s abilities to meet their own needs, solve their own problems, and mobilize necessary resources to feel in control of life
T/F: Older adults are one of the most empowered groups
False
What are some reasons for disempowerment of older adults?
poverty, poor housing/ older adults aren’t seen as unique individuals– viewed as a “group”/ higher number of older adults that are rising/ negative stereotypes
