week 1 Flashcards
What are the three models of health and illness?
1 - Mind Body illness
2 - Biomedical Model
3 - Biopsychological Model
Which model of health & illness focuses on disease being attributed to evil spirits and punishment from the gods ?
Mind-Body Relationships model of health & illness.
Which model of health and illness focuses on the physical or biological aspects of disease & illness?
Biomedical Model
What is the biopsychological model of health and illness?
Disease and symptoms are explained by a combination of physical, cultural, psychological and social factors
What needs improving in Australia health?
Australians are living longer but are also increasingly living with lifestyle related ongoing or “chronic” diseases - and associated health conditions, health risks and disability. We can fix “chronic” diseases by eliminating risk factors
What is the leading cause of illness, disability and death in Australia?
Chronic disease. some risk factors: Dietary - 11% High BMI - 9% Smoking - 8%
What are the four stages of Piagets structure of cognitive development?
Sensorimotor: birth - 2 years
Pre-operational: 2 - 7 years
Concrete Operational: 7 - 11
Formal Operational: 12 - adulthood
What concept do children in the sensorimotor & pre-operational stage have of illness?
Under 7 - Explain it as “magical” - based on association.
Incomprehension: child gives irrelevant answers or evades questions
Phenomenonism: illness is usually a sign that the child has at some time associated with the illness, but with little grasp of cause and effect
Contagion: illness is from a person or object that is close by; or can be attributed to an activity that occurred before illness
What concept do children have of illness in the concrete operational stage?
8-10 years.
more concrete and based on a causal experience:
Contamination: Children learn illness can have multiple symptoms
Internalisation: Illness is within the body but the process by which symptoms occur can be partially understood
what concept do children have of illness in the formal operational stage?
12 years - adult.
Based on interactions
Psychological - a stage of physiological understanding is reached and illness can be defined in terms of specific bodily
What is the social drift model?
the idea that health problems cause low SES
What is the social causation model?
the idea that low SES causes health problems
Some behaviours to explain why people with low SES are less healthy? And why they engage in them?
higher intake of alcohol
eat a less healthy diet
do less exercise.
cost, availability, waiting times of public system.
Some environmental factors that explain SES health inequalities
Geographical - people outside major cities are less satisfied with healthcare
Health damaging environments - Have poor working or living conditions
Some psychological factors that explain SES health inequalities
Childhood - family instability, poor diet, overcrowding, education opportunities
adolescents - family strife, exposure to others’ and own smoking, leaving school with poor qualifications, experiencing unemployment or low-paid and insecure jobs.
Adulthood: working in hazardous conditions, financial insecurity, periods of unemployment, low levels of control over work or home life, negative social interactions.
Older age: no or small occupational pension, inadequate heating, food etc…
