Topic 4 Flashcards
Difference between distal and proximal factors & examples
Distal = situational. E.g. SES, age, gender, ethnicity Proximal = Beliefs and attitudes. e.g. attitudinal, cognitive & social components
Four influence on health behaviour?
Personality
Beliefs
attitudes
social norms & support
What is self efficacy belief regarding health behaviour?
Belief
Defined as - the belief in one’s capability to organise and execute behaviour. e.g. ability to do something healthy.
A strong predictor of positive health behaviour
Can enhance self efficacy through: personal accomplishment vicarious experience verbal persuasion emotional arousal
What is risk perception and unrealistic optimism? how does it influence behaviour?
belief
Optimistic belief bias - believing you wont get adverse effects from bad health behaviours
Factors that contribute:
Lack of experience with the problem
Individual action can prevent the problem
Problem not yet emerged so unlikely to do so
Belief that the problem is rare
Three types of locus of control for health behaviour belief?
Internal
external
powerful others - other people are in control of your health
What are the three components of attitudes?
Cognitive - thoughts & beliefs about behviour
Emotional - feelings towards it
Behavioural - intended action
How do social support & group norms effect our health behaviour?
We are effected by those around us
social approval
group norms
social support
What are the two types of health behaviour models?
Social cognitive models and Stage models
What are the two social cognitive models?
Health belief model (HBM)
Theory of planned behaviour
What are the five components of Health Belief Model (HBM)
Perceived susceptibility Perceived severity perceived benefits perceived barriers cues to action health motivation
What is the intention behaviour gap and its implications?
idea that intention doesn’t always equate behaviour
What are the five Stage models of behaviour?
Transtheoretical Model (TTM) The Precaution Adoption Process model (PAPM) Health Action Process Model (HAPA) Temporal Self-regulation Theory (TST) Reflective impulsive model (RIM)
Five stages of the Transtheortical Model (TTM)?
Pre-contemplation Contemplation Preparation Action Maintenance
Two extra:
Termination - bad behaviour gone
Relapse
The 7 stages of precaution adoption process model (PAPM)
unaware unengaged consideration decide not to act decide to act the action stage maintenance
Which two theories are considered to be pretty much ineffective?
TTM & PAPM
