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Control and movement > Week 1 > Flashcards

Week 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What is included in the CNS

A

Brain and spinal cord

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2
Q

What is in the peripheral nervous system

A

Nerves linking CNS to rest of body

eg, spinal nerves; cranial nerves

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3
Q

What is the Left and right part of the brain called and what is there name when talking about them together?

A

Have L and R cerebral hemisphere –> cerebrum

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4
Q

What seperates the two cerebral hemispheres?

A

Great longituidal fissure

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5
Q

What is the name of the fold on the cerebral hemisphere and what does it increase

A

Fold is called gyrus and it increases the Surface area

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6
Q

?What is the grooves called in the cerebral hemisphere?

A

Sulcus

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7
Q

What is the positioning of grey matter in the brain?

A

Called the Cerebral cortex –> outer layer of the brain (surface) and contains nerve cell bodies

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8
Q

What is the positioning of white matter in the brain?

A

Underneath the grey matter and contains nerve axons

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9
Q

What does the central sulcus seperate?

A

Frontal lobe infront and parietal lobe behind

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10
Q

What lobe in the brain is udnerneath the lateral sulcus?

A

Temporal lobe

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11
Q

Which two gyrus are infront and behind the central sulcus

A

Precentral gyrus and postcentral gyrus

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12
Q

What does precentral gyrus do?

A

Every single motor axon ( nerve that innervats a muscle) comes from the precentral gyrus

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13
Q

What does postcentral gyrus do?

A

Sensory receptors come from the postcentral gyrus

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14
Q

Name the 5 lobes of the brain

A

frontal lobe, parietal lobe, occipital lobe, temporal lobe and cerebellum

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15
Q

Is it in the medial plane or lateral plane that you can see the division between the parietal and ocipital lobe? What is that division called?

A

It is in the medial view and is called parietoccipital sulcus

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16
Q

What is the function of each part of the brain?

A

Temporal lobe –> hearing and part of memory
Occipital lobe–> vision
Frontal lobe –> cognitive skills, such as emotional expression and probelm solving, memory
Parietal lobe –> processing sensory information such as touch
Cerebrellum –> coordinates and regulates motor activity

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17
Q

What is the 3 parts of the brain stem

A

Medulla oblaganta, pons and midbrain (thalamus)

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18
Q

What does Pons do?

A

It connects the medulla oblaganta to the thalamus

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19
Q

What does the brain stem contain

A

The respiratory centre, cardiovascular centre etc

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20
Q

What does the 4th ventricle contain?

A

Cerebral spinal fluid –> cushion the brain and slow movement down

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21
Q

What does teh Diencephalon contain and what emotion does it control?

A

Contains the hypothalamus and the thalamus. Also the ANS. It deals with the emotion of rage

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22
Q

What is the ANS?

A

Controls the functions that we do not think about –> breathing for example

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23
Q

Function of thalamus?

A

important relay station between brainstem &

spinal cord and the cerebral cortex

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24
Q

What does the hypothalamus control?

A

ANS

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25
Q

Where do cranial nerves come from?

A

The diacephalon and the brain stem

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26
Q

Which end of the nerual tube froms the brain and the spinal cord

A

The rostral end forms the brain and the caudal end forms the spinal cord

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27
Q

What is the 3 swellings of the neural tube?

A

Forebrain-> prosencephalon
Midbrain –> mesencaphalon
Hindbrain-> Rhombecephalon

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28
Q

Is the neural tube hollow and what does it contain?

A

It is hollow and contains CSF

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29
Q

What do the 3 swellings of the neural tube develop too and what are there structures in the mature brain

A

Prosencephalon –> telencephalon –> cerebral hemisphere
Prosencephalon –> diencephalon –> diencephalon ( thalamus and hypothalamus
Mesencaphalon –> mesencaphalon –> midbrain
Rhombocephalon –> metecephalon –> pons and cerebellum
Rhombocephalon –>myelecephalon –> medulla oblaganta

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30
Q

Are the swellings of the neural tube formed at the rostral end or caudal end?

A

Rostral end and the caudal end forms the spinal cord

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31
Q

What is the structure of the dura

A

Tought and fibrous membrane

32
Q

What is the name of structure is tightly adhered to the dura?

A

arachoid and its soft and translucent membrane

33
Q

What is the positioning of the pia?

A

It is tightly adhered to the brain –> cannot seperate the two

34
Q

What is the space between the pia and arachoid?

A

subarachnoid space that contains CSF

35
Q

What is meninges?

A

the three membranes that line the skull and vertebral canal and enclose the brain and spinal cord.

36
Q

What are the two foldings of the dura? When are they not tightly adhered to each other?

A

Outer Peristeal and inner meningeal. They are not tightly adhered together at the dural venous sinuses and various foldings

37
Q

What is the route of venous blood in the brain?

A

superfecial vein –> superior sagital sinus –> confluence of sinuses
deep vens –> interal cerebral vein –> great cerebral vein –> confluences of sinuses
confluences of sinuses –> transverse sinus –> sigmoid sinus –> internal jugular vein

38
Q

What is the falxi cerebri?

A

It is dura foldings between the cerebral hemispheres

39
Q

what is the Tentorium cerebelli ?

A

It is dura folding between the occipital and cerebellum

40
Q

Falx cerebrelli

A

between the cerebrellar hempispheres

41
Q

What is the 02 consumption of the brain?

A

20%

42
Q

What is a stroke?

A

Persistent neurological deficit of vascular origin

43
Q

How common is a stroke over 65

A

1 in 100

44
Q

What drains into the superior sagital sinus

A

superior cerebral veins

45
Q

which sinus lies within the tentorium cerebelli

A

large straight sinus

46
Q

What runs into the large straight sinus ?

A

is the great cerebral vein which drains the deep structures of the forebrain and the inferior sagittal sinuses

47
Q

what does the transverse sinus drain?

A

the back of the brain

48
Q

What is the transverse sinus continous with and what does this structure join?

A

continous with the sigmoid sinus that joins the internal jugular veins at the level of the jugular foramen

49
Q

What branch is the verterbal artery from?

A

subclavin artery

50
Q

how does the verterbal artery enter the skull

A

passing through the foramen magnum

51
Q

what does the common carotid birfucate into?

A

External and interna

52
Q

What does external and interal common carotid supply?

A

external –> face, scalp, neck

internal supplies the brain

53
Q

What does the arch of the aorta split into

A

Braciocephalic trunch, left subclavin and left common carotid

54
Q

what is the ponto medulla junction and what structure units at this point?

A

It is the junction between the pons and the medulla. The verterbral artery joins here to form the basilla artery

55
Q

What are the anterior spinal artery?

A

small branches that come off the vertebral artery and supply the spinal cord

56
Q

what is the first set of cerebellar artery to come of the vertebral artery?

A

posterior inferior cerebellar artery

57
Q

What artery comes off the basilla to supply the pons

A

small pontine artery

58
Q

What is the name of the artery that supplies the ear

A

the inner ear labyrinth artery –> branch of the small pontine artery

59
Q

second artery to come off the basilla artery ?

A

anterior inferior cerebellar artery

60
Q

What is the 3rd cereballar artery that comes off the basialla artery?

A

superior cerebellar artery

61
Q

at what point does the basilla artery biruficate ?

A

pontine midline junction

62
Q

What structure does the middle cerebral artery originate from

A

internal carotid artery

63
Q

What is the course of the middle cerebral artery?

A

courses between the temporal lobe and frontal lobe and supplies the lateral surface of the cerebaral hemisphere

64
Q

What branches of the middle cerebral artery?

A

lenticulostraite artery

65
Q

What are the 3 communicating arteries and what circuit do they form?

A

1 anterior cerebral artery
2 posterior cerebral artery
from the circuit of willis

66
Q

When is the circuit of willis used?

A

Helps to move the blood from the left to the right side when the pressure is not even on both sides of the arterial system

67
Q

what does the lenticulostriate artery supply?

A

the deep nucleis in the brain

68
Q

what does your Middle cerebral artery supply?

A

supply the majority of your lateral hemisphere –> te frontal lobe, parietal and termporal lobe

69
Q

what does the anterior cerebral artery supply

A

medial surface of the brain –> medial surface of the frontal and parietal lobes

70
Q

what does the posterior cerebral artery supply?

A

supply the visual cortex of the occipital lobe and the in erom edial aspect of the temporal lobe

71
Q

what blood vessels supply the dura/meninges?

A

the anterior, middle and posterior meningeal arteries

72
Q

where does the anterior meningeal artery come from and what does it supply?

A

branch of ethmoidal artery and supplies the anterior cranial fossa

73
Q

what is the middle meningeal a branch of and what foramen does it come from?

A

Branch of the maxillary artery and goes through the foramen spinosum ( part of sphenoid)

74
Q

what foramen does the posterior meningeal artery go through?

A

jugular foramen

75
Q

what does the anterior cerebellar artery branch from?

A

the middle cerebellar artery

76
Q

what is the course of the inferior sagittal sinusʔ

A

the inferior border of the falxi cerebri superior to the corpus callosum

77
Q

what does the inferior sagittal sinus drain intoʔ

A

the straight sinus via the great vein

Control and movement (14 decks)

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