Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Microbiology > Week 1 > Flashcards

Week 1 Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Define Microbiology.

A

the scientific discipline dealing with the study of microscopic organisms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What fields use microbiology?

A 
medical
public health
industrial
agricultural
environmental
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are micro-organisms?

A

microscopic organisms; usually single celled (bacteria, fungi, protozoa); some multi-cellular organisms (ex helminths, nematodes, arthropods); acellular, (prions, viruses)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are some types of acellular organisms?

A

prions, viruses

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are some types of multicellular organisms?

A

helminths, nematodes, arthropods

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are some single cellular organisms?

A

bacteria, fungi, protozoa

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Define Pathogen.

A

a microbe that normally causes disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Define Non Pathogen

A

a microbe that does not normally cause disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Define pestilence

A

fatal epidemic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Earliest recorded pestilence was in…

A

3180 BC Egypt

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Middle ages plague

A

bubonic plague or black plague

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

1917-1918 Spanish flu killed _____ deaths world wide

A

30-40 million

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Small pox killed ____ people

A

300 million

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Who is the father of micro biology

A

Anton Van Leeuwenhoek 1670’s

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What did leeuwenhoek do?

A

He improved this microscope using squeres of clear class to increase the magnifications; making it so you could see microbes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is Jenner known for?

A

created smallpox vaccine in 1790’s

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What did Ignaz Semmelweis 1840’s advocate for?

A

hand washing with calcium hypo chloride for physicians

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What did John Snow do?

A

‘father of epidemiology’

-found the well was the origin of cholera

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

When was the golden age for microbiology?

A

1857-1917

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What was Joseph Lister (1860’s) known for?

A

‘father of antiseptic surgery’

- used carbolic acid to treat wounds

21
Q

What was Louis Pasteur (1822-1895) known for?

A
  • alcohol fermentation
  • germ theory of disease
  • pasteurization
  • several vaccines (rabies)
22
Q

Rober Koch (1843-1910) was known for what?

A
  • proved germ theory of disease (Koch’s postulates)
  • culture techniques
  • causes of cholera and TB
23
Q

What are Koch’s Postulates

A

Koch Postulates

  1. Same micro organism present in every case of disease
  2. Micro-organism is isolated from tissue of dead (diseased) animal, and a pure culture is prepared (can be cultured indefinitely)
  3. M.O. from pure culture, when inoculated into healthy animals reproduces the disease
  4. The same MO can be isolated and cultured from the inoculated animal
24
Q

Who is Ali Maow Maalin?

A

last case of smallpox

25
Q

What are some examples of emerging diseases?

A 
Lassa fever –1969
Marburg disease – 1975
Ebola fever – 1975 (2014)
Legionnaires’ disease – 1976
Toxic shock syndrome –1980 (tampons)
AIDS –1981
Lyme disease –1982
E. coli O157:H7 (HUS) – 1982
Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome – 1993
Variant Creutzfeld-Jakob disease – 1996
West Nile encephalitis – 1999
SARS – 2003
H5N1 “Avian” flu – (1997) 2005
H1N1 “Swine flu” - 2009
26
Q

Which diseases are reemerging?

A 
Tunerculosis
Influenza
Malaria
Cholera
Viral Hepatitis
C. Difficile
27
Q

What are the top 10 infectious killers?

A
  1. Acute Lower respiratory infections
  2. Diarrheal Diseases
  3. Aids
  4. Tuberculosis
  5. Malaria
  6. Hepatitis B
  7. Pertussis
  8. Tetanus
  9. Meningitis
  10. Measles
28
Q

How many deaths world wide per year are from preventable infectious diseases?

A

20 million deaths worldwide

29
Q

How many deaths per years are from Acute lower respiratory infections?

A

3.5 million deaths per years

30
Q

How many deaths per year are from diarrheal diseases?

A

3.1 million deaths per year

31
Q

How many deaths per year from AIDS?

A

1.8 million deaths per year from aids

32
Q

How many deaths per year are from Tuberculosis?

A

1.3 millions deaths per year from tuberculosis

33
Q

How many deaths per year from malaria?

A

0.66 million deaths per year from malaria

34
Q

How many deaths per year from Hepatitis B?

A

0.6 million deaths per year from hepatitus B

35
Q

How many deaths per year from Pertussis?

A

300 000 deaths per year from whooping cough

36
Q

How many deaths per year from Tetanus?

A

210 000 deaths per year from “lockjaw” or tetanus

37
Q

How many deaths per year from Meningitis?

A

170 000 deaths per year from meningitis

38
Q

How many deaths per year from measles?

A

160 000 deaths per year from meningitis

39
Q

Where are diarrheal diseases on the top 10 infectious killers list?

A

2nd with 3.1 million deaths per year

40
Q

Where are Tuberculosis on the top 10 infectious killers list?

A

4th with 1.3 million deaths per year

41
Q

Where are acute lower respiratory infections on the top 10 infectious killers list?

A

1st with 3.5 million deaths per year

42
Q

Where are AIDS on the top 10 infectious killers list?

A

3rd with 1.8 million deaths per year

43
Q

Where are malaria on the top 10 infectious killers list?

A

5th with 0.66 million deaths per year

44
Q

How many world wide cases of H1N1?

A

210 000

45
Q

How many world wide deaths from H1N1?

A

2185

46
Q

How many deaths in Canada from H1N1?

A

72 deaths (23 of which were in ON)

47
Q

Reasons for surges in “new diseases”?

A
  • not really new just increased occurrence and wider distribution
  • International travel
  • Increasing population
  • Breakdown of public health measures
  • microbial adaptation (resistance)
48
Q

What are some good things about microbes?

A
  • used for making insulin, vaccines, antibiotics
  • for bread, beer, wine and cheese
  • used to clean up oil spills
49
Q

What is Bioremediation?

A

use of microbes to clean up an oil spill

Microbiology (5 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions