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Foundations of Research & Evidence Based Practice > Week 1-4 > Flashcards

Week 1-4 Flashcards

1
Q

Define: Research

A

A way to gather information and to make a sound decision or judgement or develop new knowledge

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2
Q

Define: Evidence

A

Everything that may be used to determine or demonstrate an assertion of truth

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3
Q

Define: Evidence-Based Practice

A

The integration of the best research evidence with clinical (or professional) expertise and our patient (or client/population’s) unique values and circumstances

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4
Q

Define: Cognitive Bias

A

Is a breach of critical thinking

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5
Q

What are the 3 main problems EBP has developed to manage

A

Cognitive Bias
Information Overload
Information Uncertainty

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6
Q

Define: Philosophy

A

Philosophy asks the big questions of life such as existence, values, meaning and knowledge

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7
Q

Define: Epistemology

A

Epistemology is the branch of philosophy concerned with the nature and scope of knowledge (how do we know what we know?)

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8
Q

Define: Logic

A

Logic is a branch of epistemology and is the study of reasoning

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9
Q

Reasoning involves thinking or believing in such a way that you can give true or probable evidence…

A

(1) that sufficiently supports your view
(2) about what is wrong with beliefs that oppose or challenge your view

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10
Q

Name the skills/criteria used in Critical Thinking

A

Interpreting
Evaluating
Analysing
Synthesising
Reasoning

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11
Q

Define the attributes: System 1 Thinking

A

is fast, intuitive and emotional
easy and comfortable
snap judgements and decisions (conclusion first)
Uses heuristics to make decisions

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12
Q

Define the attributes: System 2 Thinking

A
  • is slower in order to override snap judgement
  • to think critically we might need to check facts
  • is deliberate and more logical (reasoning first)
  • Require attention
  • but more intellectual effort
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13
Q

Which system of thinking allows more cognitive bias

A

System 1

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14
Q

Which system of thinking reduces of cognitive bias

A

System 2

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15
Q

Define: eminence-based practice

A

professionals continue to practice as they first learned

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16
Q

What are the 5 steps in EBP process?

A

1) Formulate: the question
2) Search: the evidence
3) Appraise: the evidence
4) Apply: the evidence with clinical expertise & patients values/circumstances
5) Evaluate: the outcome & process

17
Q

Define the purpose: PICO

A
  • Focuses search strategy
  • Reduces time needed to find evidence
  • Sources relevant evidence
  • Focuses reading which also saves time
18
Q

Define: PICO

A

P- population/patient/problem
I- intervention (or cause/diagnostic test)
C- comparison
O- outcome/s of interest

19
Q

What are primary sources?

A

Original research/studies

20
Q

What are secondary sources?

A

they might include, refer to, combine original research studies

21
Q

What do guidelines and summaries sources do?

A

they evaluate and present the best evidence for a topic

22
Q

What are the 6 types of research questions

A 
Intervention
Diagnosis
Prognosis
Aetiology
Screening
Experiences
23
Q

Describe Qualitative research

A
  • provides findings in words

- used for questions about experiences

24
Q

Describe Quantitative research

A
  • provides findings in numbers

- usually needed for studies about interventions, diagnostic tests, screenings aetiology

25
Q

When do we use Quantitative research?

A

when we need to determine

  • if something works
  • if something causes
  • if something detects or predicts
26
Q

Define: Mixed methods

A

uses both quantitative and qualitative research techniques to address questions more broadly

27
Q

(Qualitative research)

What is the focus of Phenomenology?

A

the lived experience of participants

28
Q

(Qualitative research)

What is the focus of Ethnography?

A

studies cultures and sub-cultures

29
Q

(Qualitative research)

Describe Grounded theory

A

often used when the topic is about change or nature of findings are unclear

  • flexible and exploratory
  • generates questions along the way
30
Q

Define: in-virto

A

in the laboratory

31
Q

Define: vivisection

A

research performed with animals

32
Q

Give an example: Truncation

A

*

disease*= diseases, diseased

33
Q

Give an example: Wildcard

A

?

Wom?n= women, woman

34
Q

What is the purpose of truncation?

A

It provides variations of words- usually at the end of a word

eg. stretch*, stretching, stretches

35
Q

What is the purpose of Wildcards?

A

They allow you to search for plurals or spelling variations of words. Can either be used at the beginning or end of a word to substitute ONE letter.

eg.
Wom?n- woman, women
Behavio?r- behaviour, behavior

Foundations of Research & Evidence Based Practice (3 decks)

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