Week 1 Flashcards
What happens to hemoglobin at 108 degrees?
It cannot deliver oxygen to tissues
What does Ileus indicate?
Paralyzed guts
What can PCV and TP tests be used for?
Dehydration, anemia, trauma, and shock.
What is the normal WBC for adult dogs?
6,000-17,000
What is the normal WBC count for adult cats?
5,500-19,000
What is the normal platelet count?
200,000-400,000
What is the normal canine PCV?
37-54%
What is the normal feline PCV
30-47%
What is the normal TP range for dogs?
6-7.8 g/dl
What is the normal TP range for cats?
6.2-8 g/dl
What can a low PCV cause?
Anemia
What can a rise in PCV cause?
Dehydration
What will dehydration do to total protein?
Cause it to rise
Splenic contraction is seen in what?
Normal total protein
What are toy breed puppies at a high risk for?
Hypoglycemia
Define azotemia
Nitrogen waste products in the blood
What does severe azotemia indicate
KIdney failure
What conditions are associated with hyperkalemia?
Urethral obstruction, acute renal failure, and hypoadrenocorticism.
What conditions are associated with hypocalcemia
eclampsia and hypoadrenocorticism
What conditions are associated with hypernatremia?
nonketotic hyperosmolar diabetic crisis
Name 3 respiratory emergencies
Pulmonary thromboembolism
Pneumonia
Congestive Heart Failure
Name 5 metabolic emergencies
Urethral obstruction, diabetic ketoacidosis, eclampsia, hypoadrenocorticism, and antifreeze toxicity
What does the PaO2 determine?
How well the blood is being oxygenated
What is the normal PaO2
100
What is the normal PaCO2
35-45
What does excess CO2 indicate
acidosis hypoventilation
What does a lack of CO2 indicate
alkalosis hyperventilation
What does the level of bicarbonate ions determine
The metabolic component of a blood gas
What is the normal bicarbonate range
19-23
What does the base deficit determine
How many units of base are needed to return the patient to neutral.
What does the base excess determine
How much bicarbonate you need
Define colloid osmotic pressure
The pressure exerted by the colloid particles dissolved in a solution on a semipermeable membrane
What does the colloid osmotic pressure indicate
The concentration of plasma protein in the blood
What are lactate concentrations a indicator of?
Inadequate tissue perfusion
What are the normal lactate levels in a dog
2.5mmol/L
What are the normal lactate levels in a cat
1.5 mmol/L
What is the buccal mucosal bleeding time test
Controlled wound made on a mucosal surface
What does a pulse oximeter measure
The oxygen saturation of hemoglobin
What are some reasons for a sudden drop in a capnograph wave
disconnection, large leak, airway obstruction, extubation, and arrest
Central venous pressure commonly check what
Overhydration
Where is fluid volume overload seen
Preexisting heart disease, right ventricular congestive heart failure, and high volume of IV fluid diuresis
What is the normal CVP reading?
0-5 cm H2O
Pulse quality and blood pressure measurements are important monitoring tools for what?
Organ function
What is the systolic blood pressure reading during hypotension?
Less than 80 mm Hg
What is the mean blood pressure reading during hypotension
Less than 60 mm Hg
