Week 1 (2) Flashcards
What is caused by insufficient insulin to maintain glucose homeostasis?
Diabetes
What is caused as a result of failure of insulin synthesis, release or activity?
MODY
What level of HbA1c is suggestive of diabetes?
48 m/m and above
What fasting glucose level is indicative of diabetes?
7.0 mmol/L and above
What 2hr glucose in OGTT is indicative of diabetes?
11.1 mmol/L and above
What antibodies are usually characteristic of T1DM?
anti-GAD/anti-islet cell antibodies
What type of diabetes involves the pathogenesis of cell failure and absolute insulin deficiency?
Type I
What type of diabetes involves the pathogenesis of hyperinsulinaemia and insulin resistance?
Type II
When does type I diabetes usually present?
Pre-school and peri-puberty but also small peak in late 30s
What type of diabetes are ketonuria and metabolic acidosis related to?
Type I
Give seven symptoms of diabetes mellitus?
- Thirst
- Polyuria
- Thrush
- Weakness fatigue
- Blurred vision
- Infections
- Weight loss
Name three useful discrim/inatory tests for diabetes mellitus?
- GAD/ anti-islet cell antibodies
- Ketones
- C-peptide 9plasma)
In diabetes diagnosis what does ketosis =?
Type I diabetes
Give three pancreatic diseases which give diabetes?
- Chronic or recurrent pancreatitis
- Haemochromatosis
- Cystic fibrosis
Give 4 endocrine diseases which give diabetes?
- Cushing’s syndrome
- Acromegaly
- Phaechromocytoma
- Glucagonoma
What three drugs induce diabetes?
Glucocorticoids
Diuretics
B-blockers
Give three genetic diseases which cause diabetes?
- Cystic fibrosis
- Myotonic dystrophy
- Turner’s syndrome
What does GAD-negative and C-peptide positive suggest?
Monogenic diabetes
What provides a measure of glucose control over past 2-3 months?
HbA1c
What is involved in DIDMOAD or Wolfram syndrome?
Diabetes insipidus Diabetes Mellitus Optic atrophy Deafness Neurological abnormalities
What syndrome involves obesity, polydactyly, hypogonadal, visual impairment, hearing impairment, mental retardation, diabetes?
Bardet-Biedl Syndrome
