week 1,2,3

Question 1

4 types of anatomy + description

Answer 1

gross= system and regional - macroscopic
surface= external form of body
microscopic= cells ect
development = gradual changes in the body

Question 2

6 organism characteristics

Answer 2

organisation - relationship amongst parts of an organism
metabolism - chemical reactions
responsiveness -sense changes in the environment
growth- increase size
development- changes through time
reproduction - continuation of population/species

Question 3

Define homeostasis

Answer 3

existence and maintenance of relatively constant environments within the body - at a certain threshold

Question 4

Regions of the body

Answer 4

right hypochondriac
epigastric region
left hypochondriac

right lumbar region
umbilical region
left lumbar region

right iliac region
hypogastric region
left iliac region

Question 5

Quadrants of the body

Answer 5

right upper, left upper

right lower, left lower

Question 6

What is a serous membrane and function of serous fluid

Answer 6

lines the body to reduce friction and hold everything in place
the fluid acts as a lubricant between the two layers to allow movement of organs at low friction

Question 7

Two layers of the serous membrane and there functions

Answer 7

visceral - lines organs

Parietal - lines trunk

Question 8

Minor vs major homeostasis

Answer 8

minor - body can recover from

major - body cannot recover from alone - burns/ infections = medications and antibiotics to help

Question 9

4 characteristics of a cell

Answer 9

1 = cell metabolism
2= synthesis of molecules
3= communication for division and growth
4= reproduction and inheritance

Question 10

Smooth vs Rough endoplasmic reticulum

Answer 10

smooth - lipid/steroid/carb synthesis
detoxification of harmful substances
glycogen to glucose breakdown

rough- contains ribosomes another site for protein synthesis

Question 11

plasma / cell membrane

Answer 11

encloses cellular contents, controls cell traffic, inter-cellular communication
bi-lipid layer (two layers of phoso-lipids)
hydrophilic head and a hydrophobic tail
contains cholesterol (lubricates) and proteins (transport)

Question 12

Roles of the:

• nucleus
• nuclear envelope
• nucleolus

Answer 12

Nucleus - control centre and stores genetic information
NE- encloses nucleus - contains nuclear pores for transport
Nucleolus - ribosome synthesis

Question 13

Roles of the :
Cytoplasm
cytosol
cytoplasmic inclusions
cytoskeleton

Answer 13

cytoplasm = cellular fluid that contains organelles
cytosol = thick viscous liquid that surrounds organelles - ions/molecules/proteins
Cytoplasmic inclusions = aggregates of chemicals
cytoskeleton = fibres that give cell shape

Question 14

Roles of:
Lysosome
ribosome

Answer 14

L- membrane bound vesicles formed at the golgi bosy, contains enzymes, digest molcules and forgein material that the cell no longer needs
R- protein synthesis - two sub-units connected
float freely in the cell bound by nuclear membrane

Question 15

Role of the golgi body:

Answer 15

flattened membranous sacs
cisternate = fluid spaces
modifies, packages and distributes proteins

Question 16

What is epithelial tissue

Answer 16

Covers a body surface and lines body cavities
lateral cell surface that reduces friction
has a basement surface that anchors cells and provides blood diffusion as epithelial cells are avascular

Question 17

Classification of epithelial tissues

Answer 17

simple = single layer
stratified = more than one layer
pseudo-strated  = one layer but looks like more than one

squamous = thin and flat
cuboidal= square like
columnar= tall
transitional = changes shape

Question 18

Purpose of connective tissue and what is it made of

Answer 18

connects, supports, transports, compart mentalilses information also is used for energy productiona and storage (abundant)

Cells (EG adipose, fibourous, mast WBC)
produce ground substance - fills spaces between cell tissues
and fibers - collagen, elastic and verticular fibres

Question 19

4 classes of connective tissue

Answer 19

• connective tissue proper dense and loose
• cartilage - made of a rigid matrix
• Bone - cells in matrix - supports and protects
• blood = transports waste and respiratory gases around the body

Question 20

Types and purpose of muscle tissue

Answer 20

highly cellular and well vascularised responsible for body movement
skeletal = attached to bones - voluntary control
cardiac = walls of heart increas in mitochondria, involuntary
Smooth = walls of hollow organs , involuntary control

Question 21

Describe Nervous tissue

Answer 21

control and communication, electrical - chemical impulses

*neurons and supporting cells

Question 22

Order of structures in digestion

Answer 22

oral cavity - pharynx - oesophagus - stomach - SI - LI -rectum - anal canal

Question 23

Role of enzymes

Answer 23

speed up reaction rate in the body - no consumed by it
very specific - certain active site
protein catalyst

Question 24

parts and function of the peritoneum

Answer 24

lines the walls of organs in the abdominal cavity
visceral - lines organs
parietal - inferior surface of body wall

Question 25

oral cavity parts and role in digestion

Answer 25

mechanical digestion food – bolus
tounge - pushes food to pharynx
teeth -