Respiratory System Flashcards
5 functions of the respiratory system
repiration regulation blood ph voice production smell protection
Epithelium of the nose
pseudostrtefied ciliated columnar
Function of the nose
passage way for air
cleans air - cillia traps dust and debris
choncha - turbulence
humidifies ad warms the air via warm blood flow
3 sections of pharynx
- epithelium
- location
1- nasopharynx - pseudostratiefides ciliated columnar
posterior to nasal cavity
2- oropharynx - stratiefiesd squamous
posterior to oral cavity
3- laryngopharynx - stratiefided squamous
posterior to epiglotis
Larynx
- functions
- structure
voice box passage way for air made from cartilage 6-paired 3-unpaired
directs food to oesophagus, sound production
trap debris from entering lungs
Trachea
-structure
sits anterior to oesospagus
15-20 c-shaped hyaline cartilage rings for support
dense connective tisue and smooth muscle between cartilage rings
Lobes of lungs
R - 3 lobes, 9 segments
L- 2 lobes, cardiac notch, 8 segments
order of trachea breakdown
trachea - carina - primary bronchus - lobar bronchus - segmental bronchus - bronchiole - terminal bronchiole -
respiratory bronchioles - alveoli ducts - alveoli sacs - alveoli
inspiration lung diaphragm rib cage sternum intercostal muscles
lung = increase vol diaphragm = inferiorly flattens and contracts rib cage = elevated sternum = elevated intercostal muscles = contract
Expiration lung diaphragm rib cage sternum intercostal muscles
lung = decrease vol diaphragm = superiorly relax - dome shaped rib cage = depresses sternum = depresses intercostal muscles = relax
Definition of pulmonary volumes Tidal volume inspiratory reserve volume expiratory reserve volume residual volume
Tidal volume = amount of air in each breath
inspiratory reserve volume = amount of air forcefully inspirated
expiratory reserve volume = amount of air forcefully expired
residual volume = vol of air remaining in lungs after forceful expiration
definition of pulmonary capacities Inspiratory capacity functional residual capacity vital capacity total lung capacity
Inspiratory capacity = max inspiration (TV+ IRV)
functional residual capacity = air remaining in lungs after normal expiration (RV+ERV)
vital capacity = max vol of air that can be expelled after max inspiration (TV+IRV+ERV)
total lung capacity = (RV+IRV+ERV+RV)
Defiitions of
FVC
FEV1sec
FEZ1%
FVC = max vol expired FEV1sec = expired in 1 sec FEZ1% = FEV1sec/FVC
indications of obstructive lung disease
FEV1sec below normal
indications of restrictive kung disease - same lung capacity but slower expiration
FVC below normal - less lung capacity
