Cell Transport and Metabolism

Question 1

functions of plasma membrane

Answer 1

boundary of cell
separates intra and extra cellular materials
attaches cells to cells and surrounding matrix
difference in charge - membrane potential

Question 2

protein channels

Answer 2

passive
molecules of a certain size and shape can pass through
non-gated = always open
gated (ion) = open and closed by a specific stimuli

Question 3

protein carriers

Answer 3

move from one side to the other
specific binding sites
protein changes shape during transport - resumes original shape after
unipoerter = 1
symporter = 2 same direction
antiporter = 2 diff direction

Question 4

ATP-powered transport

Answer 4

against conc gradient
active - requires ATP
eg - sodium -potassium pump

Question 5

Diffusion - cell membrane

2 criteria

Answer 5

1 - non-lipid soluble molecules/ ions - diffuse throiygh channels
2 - lipid soluble diffuse straight through membrane

Question 6

Facilitated diffusion

Answer 6

passive
high - low conc
moves large/ water soluble or electrically charged molecule across membrane - ammino acis and glucose

Question 7

Osmosis

Answer 7

diffuse water (high-low conc) across a selectively permeable membrane 
increase in solute increases water diffusion
more ions increase osmolarity = "pull" on water
water = 290 mosmol/L

Question 8

Isotonic sol

Answer 8

same osmolarity

Question 9

Hypertonic

Answer 9

solution has more osmolarity than cell

cell dehydrates ad shrinks

Question 10

hypotonic

Answer 10

cell had greater osmolarity then solution

cell takes too much water and bursts

Question 11

definitions of
metabolism
anabolism
catabolism

Answer 11

meta = total of all chemicle processes that occur in the body
ana = reactant combine to form larger product - required energy
cata = reactants break down to form smaller products - releases energy

Question 12

Glycolysis

Answer 12

anaerobic
occurs in cytoplasm
1 glucos = 2 pyruvate + 2 ATP + 2NADH

Question 13

Citric acid cycle

Answer 13

occurs in the matrix - requires 02

produces = 2ATP + 6NADH + 2FADH2 + 4co2

Question 14

role of NADH and FADH2

Answer 14

electron carrier molecules
collect electron produce
transport electrons to electron transport chain

Question 15

Oxidative phosphorylation

Answer 15

electron transport chain
inner membrane of mitochondria
el;ectrons bounce across membrane lossing energy
creating H+ gradienst
oxygen accepts electrons produce water
protons then flow back across gradient 
energy is released and used by ADP to form ATP
32-34 ATP produced

Question 16

Fatty acids breakdown to form

Answer 16

acetyl CoA - which enters citric acid cycle

Question 17

Amino acids break down to form

Answer 17

CHO compounds - digestion