Week 1 Flashcards
Cells and Tissues
What are the main components of the Musculoskeletal System?
- Bones
- Muscles
- Joints
- Cartilage
- Ligaments
- Tendons
What is the function of bones in the Musculoskeletal System?
Gives shape and structure to the body, protect vital organs.
What role do muscles play in the Musculoskeletal System?
Responsible for movement by contracting and pulling on bones.
What is the function of joints in the Musculoskeletal System?
Allows for movement
What does cartilage do in the Musculoskeletal System?
protects the joints
What is the function of ligaments?
Connect bone to bone, and stabilises the joints
What do tendons do?
Connect muscles to bones and contribute to stability.
What type of tissue are bones classified as?
Specialised connective tissue.
What is torque in relation to the Musculoskeletal System?
The turning effect of the force.
What defines the Anatomic Position (AP)?
A single reference position, front facing, with arms spread with palms facing up.
Appendicular vs Axial skeleton
Appendicular is upper and lower limbs. Axial is the skull, vertebrae, etc.
What does ‘superior’ mean in anatomical terms?
Above (used for axial).
What does ‘inferior’ mean?
Below (used for axial).
What is the difference between ‘proximal’ and ‘distal’?
- Proximal: closer to origin (used for appendicular)
- Distal: further from origin (used for appendicular)
Define ‘anterior’.
Towards the front.
Define ‘posterior’.
Towards the back.
What does ‘medial’ refer to?
Closer to the middle of the body.
What does ‘lateral’ mean?
Further away from the middle of the body.
What is the definition of ‘ipsilateral’?
On the same side of the body. Relative to another body part.
What does ‘contralateral’ mean?
On the opposite side of the body. Relative to another body part.
What is dorsal vs ventral?
Dorsal is back of the body, while ventral is towards the front of body
What is the ‘sagittal plane’?
A vertical plane that divides the body into left and right sides - mediolateral axis
What is the ‘frontal plane’?
Divides the body into anterior (front) and posterior (back) - anteroposterior axis
What is flexion?
Moving a limb to the front (anterior) in the sagittal plane.
What is extension?
Posterior movement (towards the back) in the sagittal plane.
What does the ‘transverse plane’ do?
A horizontal line that divides the body into superior (upper) and inferior (lower) - vertical axis
What does abduction refer to?
Movement away from the midline.
What is adduction?
Movement towards the midline.
Define ‘elevation’ in anatomical terms.
Superior movement, e.g. shrugging shoulders
Define ‘depression’.
Inferior movement, e.g. lowering jaw
What is pronation?
Rotate and point the palm upwards.
What is supination?
Rotate and point the palm downwards.
What does dorsiflexion refer to?
Superior flexion of the ankle.
What is plantarflexion?
Inferior flexion of the ankle.
What does inversion mean?
Rotating the foot towards the midline.
What does eversion refer to?
Rotating the foot away from the midline.
What is opposition?
Bringing the thumb and little finger together.
What is reposition?
Bringing the thumb and little finger away from each other.
What is protraction?
Moving a body part towards the front.
What is retraction?
Moving a body part towards the back.
What is radial vs ulnar?
Radial means towards the thumb and ulnar means towards the smallest finger
What is palmar vs dorsal?
Palmer is the front of the hand (palm) and dorsal is the back of the hand.
What is plantar vs dorsal?
Plantar is the inferior surface (sole) of the foot. Dorsal is the superior surface (top) of the foot.
What is superficial vs deep?
Superficial means closer to the skin and deep means further from the skin.
What does subcutaneous mean?
Something that is right underneath the skin.
What is visceral vs parietal?
Visceral is the internal body organs and parietal is the internal body wall, not on organs.
What is medial rotation and lateral rotation?
Medial rotation is rotating towards the middle of the body, and lateral rotation is rotating away from the midline.
