Week 1 Flashcards
Population Health
-health outcomes of a GROUP of individuals including DISTRIBUTION of such outcomes within the group
-looks at patterns of determinants, outcomes, and quality
-direct policy and research agendas
Who has responsibilty for population health?
-NO ONE in public or private sector
-goals must be set
-outcomes and quality must be assessed
Population health is NOT just overall health, it includes:
-DISTRIBUTION of health
-overall health could be high if majority is healthy even tho minority is much less healthy
Care continuum and interventions
-No/low risk: health promotion and wellness
-low risk: health risk managment
-mod/high risk: care coordination/advocacy
-high risk: disease/case management
-combine organizational interventions (culture/environment) w tailored interventions and community resources
care continuum chart?
- population monitoring
- health assessment
- risk stratification
- Care continuum
- Program outcomes (social, behavioral, health, QOL, financial)
Goals of population health
-set targets for overall population
-maintain/improve health of entire population
-eliminate or significantly reduce deficiencies and disparities between subgroups
How to set goals
-healthy people 2020/2030 set goals and examine data
-access to health services
Healthy people 2020 goals
-access to health services by family income
-poor and near poor don’t meet target at all
-target met increasingly more with higher income status
Types of groups in population health
-children
-LGBTQ
-men/women
-parents/care givers
-disabiilities
Health definition
-not free from disease exactly
-“the capacity of people to adapt to and respond to, or control life’s challenges and changes
Population health has greater focus on:
-SDoH
-no amount of medical attention will help dec likelihood of someone developing T1DM or RA, yet both are more common in lower socioeconomic groups
our view of population health
-how can we improve the health of the population overall
-there’s a conflict between self-interest and common good
Foundations of population health
1.Descriptive Epidemiology
2. Etiology, Benefits and Harms – Health Research Evaluation
3. Evidence-Based Practice
4. Implementation of Health Promotion and Disease Prevention Interventions (target audience)
5. Determinants of Health
6. Population Health Informatics (data)
7. Evaluation
Descriptive Epidemiology: Health of populations examples
-burden, course, distribution of disease/injury
Etiology, benefits/harms – health research evaluation
-Comparative effectiveness research (CER)
-aims to produce type of evidence that will assist all parties to make informed decisions and to improve health care at both individual and population levels
comparative effectiveness research
-aims to produce evidence that assists all parties to make informed decisions to improve health care at INDIVIDUAL and POPULATION levels
What makes examining population health possible?
-DATA!
Types of healthcare data important for population health data
-claims data
-electronic health record data
-socioeconomic data
-patient-generated health data (surveys)
-prescription adherence data (EHR and claims data)
claims data
-easy to obtain
-standardized
-diagnosis codes
Population health outcomes examples
-life expectancy
-mortality
-premature death
-cost burden
-access to care
Life expectancy in US
-spend the most, but rank 45 among countries
-77
-infant mortality rate of 5.8
-maternal mortality rate of 10
-females outlive males
-significant differences between races
leading causes of death in US
-heart disease in adults
-fire arms and car crashes in children 1-19
What is population health management
-optimizing outcomes for specific subgroup of population (location, income, age…)
-goal: prevent, manage, lower cost
Factors influencing health and well-being
-40% social and economic factors
-30% health behaviors
-10% each: clinical care, physical environment, genes/biology
Population health planning
-make policies and interventions based on determinants to improve outsomes
Population health conceptual framework
-targeted interventions for the population
-goal is to maintain/improve well-being through cost-effective solutions
Why does no one look at overall health improvement?
-it’s too complex
-policy makers look at single sectors
-patient advocate groups look at specific disease
drug overdose deaths
-higher in midwest
-street vs prescription
-higher in younger ages 25-55
Difference between population health and public health
-public health is functions of health departments to prevent epidemics, environmental hazards, and encouraging healthy behaviors
-doesnt include most of SDOH
-not enough resources to tackle a lot of public health issues
How Indiana ranks?
Patient care wheel
-collect
-assess (IESA)
-plan
-implement
-follow-up
IESA
-indication
-efficacy
-safety
-adherence/convenience
