Quiz questions Flashcards
All of the following are true about Dr. Scott’s interests except
-enjoys fishing
-he likes to read abt history, has 4 grandkids, likes classical music and purdue sports
In 2020, which of the following played the largest role w respect to access to health services in the US
-family income
Which of the following is adocument used to establish goals for US population health?
-Healthy People 2030
T/F: Population health looks for differences in health outcomes among groups of patients in the general population or a population subset?
-True
Health promotion and wellness programs (nutrition/exercise) are most appropriate for which group on care continuum
-no or low risk pt
Easiest kind of data to acquire to use to identify population health issues
claims data
Most opioid-related overdoses in the US are result of
-illegitamate synthetic opioids
In 2020, leading cause of mortality in children 1-19?
-firearms
T/F: life expectancy, maternal mortality, infant mortality is superior to most other industrialized nations in the world
False
When a pharmacist identifies that the dose of a med is too high, this relates to which medication-related needs associated with the PPCP
-safety
Patient pays for nurse to come over to admin IV antibiotic, what type of cost is this?
-direct medical
Parent staying home from work bc COVID is what kiind of cost
-indirect cost
Costs used in pharmacoeconomic studies from which of the following perspectives are the most comprehensive
society
When comparing 2 agents in phamacoeconomic analysis, all costs associated with drug should be taken into account (T/F)
True
T/F: ICER is used to determine if the higher cost of one therapy or drug over another is worth the improvement in outcome associated w one treatment over the other
True
In the JAMA article comparing aducanumab and donanemab for early AD, which was cost-effective for AD tx at current expected prices
-neither i think
CEA is most commonly used pharmacoeconomic analysis used and measures outcomes such as lives saved, infections cured, number of years prolonged life (T/F)
-true
pharmacoepidemiology is best describes as study or drugs in populations rather than individual patients (T/F)
True
Pharmacoepidemiologic studies are more likely to include types of pt NOT included in clinical trials (T/F)
true
ADRs from drugs that take a long time to develop are more likely observed in pre-marketing RCT or post-marketing phxepi trial
-post-marketing pharmacoepi trials
Which of the following is more likely to have more granular data, EMR or claims data
-EMR
Comparing cancer pt treated at Goshen hospital w canccer pt treated at IU hospital is example of what bias?
selection bias
All of the following are true about pragmatic clinical trials EXCEPT:
A. Little selection of pt beyond indication
B. Control is usually standard of care
C. High external validity
D. Adherence strictly enforced
E. Setting is usually in normal practice
D. Adherence strictly enforced
Which is LEAST likely to identify how drug or therapy will perform in real world settings:
A. RCT
B. CER
C. Pragmatic Clinical Trials
A. RCT
(T/F): pharmacobigilance studies are used to identify undetected ADRs or safety-related aspects of marketed drugs not observed in premarketing studies
-true
Epidemiology looks at distribution, frequency, patterns, and determinants of disease or condtions (T/F)
True
COVID-19 are now considered to be which of the following
Endemic
The amount of time between intitial contact and the onset of symptoms is
-incubation period
A propogated outbreak typically has multiple peaks of incidence over time
true
The number of new cases of a disease that occur in a group over a defined time period is
-incidence
The frequency of death in a population during a specific period is defined as
mortality or morbidity rate ??
-mortality ig
In the study discussed in class, pt using which of the concurrent therapies did NOT have a higher adjusted odds of mortality than those pt receiving short-acting opiods alone?
SSRI antidepressants
The US spend signigficantly more money for poorer outcomes (T/F)
True
Retail Rx constitute the largest share of all categories associated w national health expenditures (T/F)
-false
-i think it’s inpatient/outpatient care
In the US, current life expectancy is consistent among all racial groups (T/F)
False
individuals >50 years of age consume largest share of healthcare spending in US (T/F)
-true
Which is NOT a strength of US healthcare system
A. modern facilities
B. exceptionally trained HCPs
C. choice in providers
D. costs consistent with the costs of other goods and services
E. New tech
D. costs
Which of the following factors currently accounts for largest number of preventable deaths in US?
-A. alcohol-related
B. Suicides
C. Drug OD
D. deaths from communicable diseases
-drug od
Which is NOT one of the major identity discourses identified in the discussion paper by Keeler, et al
A. Dispenser
B. Apothecary
C. HCP
D. Druggist
E. Merchandiser
D. Druggist
(T/F) Except during the pandemic, largest portion of public health financing and services comes from federal government
False
One of reasons why drug costs are higher in US than other countries is share of the Rxs dispensed that are GENERIC is far less in the US than other countries (T/F)
false
In the US, workers at small firms pay more in premiums and face higher deductibles than large firm workers (T/F)
True
The primary model in the US for providing healthcare is what?
-being employed w benefits
Which of the following costs associated w healthcare has been shifted to employees to a much greater extent during the past 10 years
-deductible amounts
(T/F) it is judged that at least 20% of healthcare provided in the US is judged to be unneccesary
True
According to the identity article, most pharmacy students struggled more than medical or nursing students to identify roles that made their profession distinct
-True
Based on the identity article, which pharmacy environment is most likely to be identified as HCP
-ambulatory
When implemented in 1966, Medicare provided coverage for all but which of the following?
A. ambulatory care in MD office
B. Inpatient hospice care
C. Inpatient Rx drugs
D. Outpatient Rx drugs
E. Limited nursing home care
D. outpatient rx
The ACA expanded eligibility of individuals to be covered by Medicaid and has been adopted in most states EXCEPT which region of the US
south
Percentage of pt on Medicare that choose managed care option (Medicare Advantage)(Part C) has grown significantly in the past 10 years (T/F)
True
In fastest growing segment of Medicare with respect to spending is which>
-Part B (physician services)
Insulin admin via insulin pen is billed through with part of Medicare
-Part D
Medicaid is admin by
State gov
Which group of pt makes uup largest % enrolled in Medicaid in Indiana
-children
Approx 1 in 5 people in Indiana receive Medicaid/CHIP benefits for healthcare
true
Many adult pt receiving Medicaid benefits are NOT working
-FALSE
Which reimburses providers at highest level for patient care services
Traditional insurance
Which is the fstest growing subpopulation with respect to race in th US
-hispanic
which race has highest rate of maternal mortality
-black
(T/F) when race is taken into account, there are NO significant differences in death rates from diabetes in the US
-false
Which of the following presidents was responsible for administrating programs that facilitated the desegregation of hospitals in the United states?
LBJ
Which of the following pieces of legislation provided financial incentive for the hospitals in the south to desegregate
-Medicare/Medicaid
Until the COVID epidemic, focus of Dr. Pastaki’s practice was in which country
-Kenya
Early in AIDs tx effort in Africa, initial focus was on drug treatment of which segments of population
-mothers who were HIV positive
Adherence rates to HIV medications is greater in the US than Africa (T/F)
-False
If a researcher evaluates cost per life year saved, what type of study is being conducted
CEA
Which pharmacoeconomic analysis tool takes quality into consideration
CUA
