Week 1 Flashcards
What was the main quest of Analytic Philosophy in the early 20th Century?
Clean philosophy
Wittgenstein believed that a picture must share a logical form with reality in order to represent it. T/F
True
What three studies did Aristotle’s organon include?
Grammar,
Rhetoric,
Logic
Syllogism
A form of reasoning where the conclusion is inferred from two premises
Square of Oppositions
A logical diagram showing relationships between propositions
Predicate of the sentence
What we say about the subject, like verbs and adjectives
Subject of the sentence
The objects we talk about in a sentence, like nouns and pronouns
Organon
A tool to argue convincingly, including grammar, rhetoric, and logic
Logic is not used in the process of Database Query Optimization. T/F
False
What did Frege introduce to avoid logical silliness as exemplified in Lewis Carroll’s ‘Alice in Wonderland’?
Quantifiers
Leibnitz, Gödel, Russell, and Whitehead
Scholars who significantly advanced the study of logic
Deductive reasoning
Drawing conclusions that must be true if the premises are true
Trivium
Included logic as a central part of ancient Greek education
Aristotle
Often considered the father of logic
According to A.C. Grayling, philosophical logic and the philosophy of logic are the same thing T/F
False
Employment of logic to encode and analyze legal documents, business rules, and regulations
Law and Regulation Encoding
Improving the efficiency of database queries for faster and more accurate data retrieval
Database Query Optimization
Identifying the causes of system failures and finding solutions
Failure Diagnosis
Ensuring that engineering designs meet specified criteria and function as intended
Engineering Design Validation
Use of logic to verify the validity of complex mathematical theorems
Mathematical Theorem Proving
What was the main emphasis of Rudolf Carnap’s work?
Science
Which philosopher’s later works exemplify a transition from a belief in finding truth through logic to a skepticism about such certainty?
Wittgenstein
What is a tautology in logic?
A sentence that is true in all situations
Logician - Incompleteness Theorem and influence on modern mathematical logic
Gödel
Logician - Defining logical connectives in terms of truth and falsity
Wittgenstein
Logician - Truth Tables and simplifying the representation of logical connectives
Frege
Logician - Consistency in geometry and reduction as a tool
Hilbert
What form of logic did David Hilbert pioneer?
Proof Theory
What profession did Ludwig Wittgenstein give up to study philosophy
Engineering
Logicians have successfully established that Logic as a discipline can definitively produce Reason. T/F
False
Author - Logic is the beginning of wisdom, not the end.
Leonard Nimoy
Author - Logic: The art of thinking and reasoning in strict accordance with the limitations and incapacities of the human misunderstanding.
Ambrose Bierce
Author - Logic is the anatomy of thought.
John Locke
Author - Pure logic is the ruin of the spirit.
Antoine de Saint-Exupery
Author - Logic is the art of going wrong with confidence.
Joseph Wood Krutch
Author - Logic is like the sword — those who appeal to it shall perish by it.
Samuel Butler
Author - You can only find truth with logic if you have already found truth without it.
G. K. Chesterton
Author - Logic will get you from A to B. Imagination will take you everywhere.
Albert Einstein
Author - Logic takes care of itself; all we have to do is to look and see how it does it.
Ludwig Wittgenstein
Author - Logic is in the eye of the logician.
Gloria Steinem
Author - You can use logic to justify anything. That’s its power and its flaw.
Kate Mulgrew
Who authored ‘An introduction to philosophical logic’?
Grayling
What did Frege’s propositional calculus lack for formulating mathematics?
Numbers
