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Logic > Week 1 > Flashcards

Week 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What was the main quest of Analytic Philosophy in the early 20th Century?

A

Clean philosophy

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2
Q

Wittgenstein believed that a picture must share a logical form with reality in order to represent it. T/F

A

True

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3
Q

What three studies did Aristotle’s organon include?

A

Grammar,
Rhetoric,
Logic

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4
Q

Syllogism

A

A form of reasoning where the conclusion is inferred from two premises

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5
Q

Square of Oppositions

A

A logical diagram showing relationships between propositions

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6
Q

Predicate of the sentence

A

What we say about the subject, like verbs and adjectives

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7
Q

Subject of the sentence

A

The objects we talk about in a sentence, like nouns and pronouns

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8
Q

Organon

A

A tool to argue convincingly, including grammar, rhetoric, and logic

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9
Q

Logic is not used in the process of Database Query Optimization. T/F

A

False

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10
Q

What did Frege introduce to avoid logical silliness as exemplified in Lewis Carroll’s ‘Alice in Wonderland’?

A

Quantifiers

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11
Q

Leibnitz, Gödel, Russell, and Whitehead

A

Scholars who significantly advanced the study of logic

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12
Q

Deductive reasoning

A

Drawing conclusions that must be true if the premises are true

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13
Q

Trivium

A

Included logic as a central part of ancient Greek education

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14
Q

Aristotle

A

Often considered the father of logic

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15
Q

According to A.C. Grayling, philosophical logic and the philosophy of logic are the same thing T/F

A

False

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16
Q

Employment of logic to encode and analyze legal documents, business rules, and regulations

A

Law and Regulation Encoding

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17
Q

Improving the efficiency of database queries for faster and more accurate data retrieval

A

Database Query Optimization

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18
Q

Identifying the causes of system failures and finding solutions

A

Failure Diagnosis

19
Q

Ensuring that engineering designs meet specified criteria and function as intended

A

Engineering Design Validation

20
Q

Use of logic to verify the validity of complex mathematical theorems

A

Mathematical Theorem Proving

21
Q

What was the main emphasis of Rudolf Carnap’s work?

A

Science

22
Q

Which philosopher’s later works exemplify a transition from a belief in finding truth through logic to a skepticism about such certainty?

A

Wittgenstein

23
Q

What is a tautology in logic?

A

A sentence that is true in all situations

23
Q

Logician - Incompleteness Theorem and influence on modern mathematical logic

A

Gödel

24
Q

Logician - Defining logical connectives in terms of truth and falsity

A

Wittgenstein

25
Q

Logician - Truth Tables and simplifying the representation of logical connectives

A

Frege

26
Q

Logician - Consistency in geometry and reduction as a tool

A

Hilbert

27
Q

What form of logic did David Hilbert pioneer?

A

Proof Theory

28
Q

What profession did Ludwig Wittgenstein give up to study philosophy

A

Engineering

29
Q

Logicians have successfully established that Logic as a discipline can definitively produce Reason. T/F

A

False

30
Q

Author - Logic is the beginning of wisdom, not the end.

A

Leonard Nimoy

31
Q

Author - Logic: The art of thinking and reasoning in strict accordance with the limitations and incapacities of the human misunderstanding.

A

Ambrose Bierce

32
Q

Author - Logic is the anatomy of thought.

A

John Locke

33
Q

Author - Pure logic is the ruin of the spirit.

A

Antoine de Saint-Exupery

34
Q

Author - Logic is the art of going wrong with confidence.

A

Joseph Wood Krutch

35
Q

Author - Logic is like the sword — those who appeal to it shall perish by it.

A

Samuel Butler

36
Q

Author - You can only find truth with logic if you have already found truth without it.

A

G. K. Chesterton

37
Q

Author - Logic will get you from A to B. Imagination will take you everywhere.

A

Albert Einstein

38
Q

Author - Logic takes care of itself; all we have to do is to look and see how it does it.

A

Ludwig Wittgenstein

39
Q

Author - Logic is in the eye of the logician.

A

Gloria Steinem

40
Q

Author - You can use logic to justify anything. That’s its power and its flaw.

A

Kate Mulgrew

41
Q

Who authored ‘An introduction to philosophical logic’?

A

Grayling

42
Q

What did Frege’s propositional calculus lack for formulating mathematics?

A

Numbers

Logic (14 decks)

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