Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Neuroanatomy > Week 1 > Flashcards

Week 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 2 subdivisions of the NS?

A

PNS (nerves and ganglia) and CNS (brain and spinal cord)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Which subdivision is enclosed in the bone?

A

CNS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

How is the CNS organized ?

A

It includes the brain and the spina cord

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is included in the brain?

A

-Cerebrum
-Brainstem
-Cerebellum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is a nerve?

A

Bundle of nerve fibers in connective tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is a ganglion?

A

Cluster of neuronal cell bodies found outside the CNS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is a cluster of neuronal cell bodies called in the CNS?

A

Nucleus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Hindbrain

A

Pons
Medulla oblongata
Cerebellum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Midbrain

A

Superior colliculus
Inferior colliculus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Forebrain

A

Diencephalon (hypothalamus and thalamus)
Cerebrum (basal ganglia and cerebral cortex)
Telencephalon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Brainstem

A

Midbrain
Pons
Medulla oblongata

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are the functional divisions of the PNS?

A

Sensory (afferent) and Motor (efferent) divisions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Motor/ efferent

A

Signal from CNS to periphery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Sensory / afferent

A

Signal from the periphery to the CNS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are the sensory divisions in charge of?

A

They are receptors signals to CNS (arriving to CNS)
-Visceral sensory (organs)
-Somatic sensory (skin)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Visceral

A

To/from the internal structures of the body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Visceral motor

A

Autonomic Nervous System includes:

Sympathetic and Parasympathetic divisions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Somatic

A

To the skeletal muscles (somatic motor) or from the skin (somatic sensory)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What are the motor divisions in charge of?

A

CNS signals to effectors (organs that carry out responses) (exit CNS)
-Visceral motor (ANS): includes the sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions (effectors: cardiac and smooth muscle, glands)
-Somatic motor: effectors are skeletal muscle

20
Q

Which is known as the fight or flight system?

A

Sympathetic division of the visceral motor division

21
Q

Which is known as the rest and relax system?

A

Parasympathetic division of the visceral motor division

22
Q

What is gray matter?

A

Area of CNS that contain primarily cell bodies and dendrites

23
Q

Nuclei

A

Collection of cell bodies with similar functions in CNS

24
Q

Ganglia

A

Collection of cell bodies with similar functions in PNS

25
Q

Cerebral cortex

A

Surface layer of gray matter of the forebrain (telencephalon)

26
Q

What are the 5 anatomical regions of the cerebral cortex?

A
  1. Occipital lobe
  2. Temporal lobe
  3. Frontal lobe
  4. Parietal lobe
  5. Insula
27
Q

What is the lobe buried behind the lateral sulcus, controlling emotional aspects of pain?

A

The Insula

28
Q

What are the functional areas of the cerebral cortex?

A

Primary and association areas

They are named for the type of information they send or receive (visual or somatosensory)

29
Q

What are the primary areas of the the brain?

A

First part of cerebral cortex to receive sensory information and/or the part that sends the motor signal out of the cerebral cortex

first to receive sensory info or output site for motor info

30
Q

What are the association areas of the brain?

A

Where integration of sensory and motor information occurs
-75% of cerebral cortex
-COGNITION (blindfold example)

perform integration of multiple modalities and inputs; occupy majority of cortex

31
Q

What does cognition refer to?

A

Mental processes such as awareness, perception, thinking, knowledge and memory

32
Q

Spinal white matter

A

White columns
-bundles of myelinated axons that carry signals
-some ascending others descending
Fasciculus
Funiculus (Ant, Lat, Post)

33
Q

Fasciculus (bundle or cluster)

A

fasciculus gracilis and cuneate of posterior funiculus

34
Q

Funiculus (cord like)

A

columns of spinal cord - ant, lat. and post. funiculus

35
Q

Lemniscus (ribbon or band)

A

pathways in the brainstem - medial and lateral lemniscus

36
Q

Peduncle (stalk like)

A

connections of cerebellum to brainstem

37
Q

Tract (trail)

A

descending and ascending tracts of spinal cord

38
Q

Commissure

A

site where fibers move to contralateral side (transverse connections)

39
Q

Projection fibers

A

connect cortex with lower portions of CNS

40
Q

Afferent fibers

A

input to cortex (usually sensory info)

41
Q

Efferent fibers

A

output from cortex (usually motor info)

42
Q

Association fibers

A

connections within the cortex

43
Q

What does axonal transport refer to?

A

Housekeeping - Slow movement going back and forth

Proteins made in soma that must be transported to axon and axon terminal

Some wastes in axon terminal are recycled to soma

44
Q

Anterograde axonal transport

A

Movement from soma toward axon terminal

-repair axolemma, gated ion channel proteins, enzymes, neurotransmitters

45
Q

Retrograde axonal transport

A

Movement from axon terminal toward soma

-recycled materials, waste products

46
Q

Cranial nerves

A

Can be purely sensory, purely motor, or mixed

47
Q

Spinal nerves

A

All spinal nerves are mixed (carry both sensory and motor information)

Neuroanatomy (18 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions