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Psychological Disorders > Week 1 > Flashcards

Week 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What is a psychological disorder ?

A

a psychological dysfunction within an individual associated with distress or impairment in functioning and a response that is not typical or culturally expected.

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2
Q

What is a social constructivist ?

A

learning is collaborative - it’s built upon another’s contribution, and people build constructs and agree upon them

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3
Q

What are the negative implication for someone deciding you’re not normal ?

A
  • Excluding people unfairly
  • Not taking into account context
  • Stigmitizating and removing autonomy
  • Indirectly indicting power over the individual
  • Limits how the person can navigate the world
  • not have a job or lose one
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4
Q

What are the proposals for abnormal ?

A
  • Conformity to norms
  • Distress
  • Functioning
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5
Q

What is involved for comformity to norms ?

A
  • Abnormality = statistical infrequency or violation of social norms
  • cut off points are quantitative and striaghtforward
  • Intuitive: we beleive we know it when we see it
  • Construct
  • Stats - can be used to state something is outside the world
  • two kinds of opinions - media
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6
Q

What is involved in distress ?

A
  • Makes sense as highly funtional people may be struggling significantly inside
  • An individuals internal world is used to protect themselves (e.x: antisocial personality disorder)
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7
Q

What is involved in functioning/dysfuntion ?

A
  • Must create: interpersonal or occupational functioning
  • Requires little inference
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8
Q

What is a psychological dysfuntion ?

A

cognitive, behavioural or emotional breakdown in functioning

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9
Q

How do we know it is dysfunctional ?

A
  • Rarity
  • Frequency
  • Presentation
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10
Q

What was Wakefields “harmful dysfuntion” idea ?

A
  • Failing to act in a adaptive way = dysfunctional
  • Inability to survive = dysfunctional
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11
Q

What is presenting problem ?

A

Why the patient is seeking help

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12
Q

What is prevelance ?

A

How many people have the disorder

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13
Q

What is incidence ?

A

How many new cases occur within a period

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14
Q

What is sex ratio ?

A

proportion of males and females with a particular disorder

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15
Q

What is age of onset ?

A

at what age a disorder typically presents

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16
Q

What is course ?

A

the pattern of symptoms across time

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17
Q

What is prognosis ?

A

anticipated course of the disorder

18
Q

What is etiology ?

A

Why a disorder begins

19
Q

How was mental illness seen early on ?

A
  • no outward signs of injury or illness -strange or bizarre behaviour with no visible cause
  • said to be caused by supernatural causes
  • “Treated” by trephination or by ceremonies by the Early Greeks
  • Primitive cultures had supernatural etiologic models
20
Q

What is trephination ?

A

cutting holes in the skull to let evil spirits out

21
Q

How was mental illness seen in the Middle Ages ?

A
  • Feared - scared of strange behaviour and sacred that they could contract the behaviour
  • Christians - believed that God and the Devil were fighting over the individuals soul and that the person was possessed and believed they were witches
  • Treatment - blood-letting, immersion in freezing water, and starvation; put to death , chaining on walls
22
Q

What is involved in the advent of moral treatment ?

A
  • Witch hunts
  • Secondary to prisons
  • Bedlam
  • 18th century saw activism/reform
  • Pinel
  • Tuke
  • Dorothea Dix
23
Q

What were the biological causes believed to be ?

A
  • Hippocrates - believed psychological disorders probably occurred in the brain
  • Humoral theory: brain functioning affected by four fluids in body
  • psychosomatic causes of medical illness without apparent physical causes
24
Q

What were biological treatments ?

A
  • Late 1800’s: put into hospitals since it was unsure what causes them so didn’t treat them
  • 1920’s: Serendipitous drug discoveries, boom in prescriptions
  • 1950’s: Some of the effective drugs we have today emerge
25
Q

What were psychological causes ?

A
  • Early greek philosophers wrote about social and learning influences on mental health
  • Plato and Aristotle - believed that learning in one’s social environment was key; maladaptive events would cause their emotions to ovveride reason
  • Sigmund Freud ;-;
26
Q

What did Breuer believe ?

A

He believed that tlk therapy under hypnosis led to breakthroughs that wouldn’t have occured if they weren’t in this state

27
Q

What is catharsis ?

A

Making the unconscious known through talk therapy leads to an emotional release

28
Q

What is insight ?

A

Connecting current problems to past ones

29
Q

What is resistance in the Freudian idea ?

A

behaviours that prevent insight or making something conscious

30
Q

What is dream analysis ?

A

dreams reflect id, so unconscious desires

31
Q

What is transference ?

A

transfer feelings onto therapist

32
Q

What is Functional Analytic Theory ?

A

Therapy behaviors mirror current outside-therapy behaviour and conflicts

33
Q

What are the defence mechanisms ?

A
  • Denial
  • Repression
  • Displacement
  • Sublimation
  • Projection
  • Rationalization
  • Reaction Formation
34
Q

What is denial ?

A

refusing to acknowledge a reality that is accepted/apparent by others

35
Q

What is regression ?

A

blocking negative thoughts/memories

36
Q

What is displacement ?

A

transfer your feelings onto another

37
Q

What is sublimation ?

A

channeling negative impulses/feelings into something productive

38
Q

What is projection ?

A

attribute your own negative thoughts/feelings onto another

39
Q

What is rationalization ?

A

elaborate self-serving, reassurance is given to substitute for actual feelings/thoughts

40
Q

What is reaction formation ?

A

substitute opposite other thoughts/behaviours for the actual ones

Psychological Disorders (4 decks)

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