Week 1 Flashcards
What are the 3 core features of adhd?
- Impulsitivity
- Excessive activity
- Inattention
What must the clinical features of adhd be to justify a diagnosis in children?
- apparent before 7 yrs old
- excessive for the child’s age/development
- pervasive
Give examples of adhd susceptibility genes
DRD4 & DRD5
What are the organic factors of hyperkinetic disorders?
- smaller brain volume
- smaller basal ganglia
- smaller cerebellar vermis
What are the most common comorbidities of adhd?
- sleep disorders
- behavioural difficulties
- specific learning disabilities
- social communication difficulties
- anxiety
What is the role of noradrenaline in adhd?
Increases the neuron signal to increase attention
What is the role of dopamine in adhd?
Reduces the ‘noise’ signal to prevent distractions
What are the 1st and 2nd line medications for adhd?
1st - methylphenidate
2nd - lisdexamfetamine
What is the MOA of methylphenidate?
Block reuptake of adrenergic and dopaminergic neurons
Give examples of non-stimulant adhd medication
- Guafacine
- atomoxetine
What is the MOA of Guanfacine?
Bind to alpha 2 a receptors (noradrenaline agonist)
What is the MOA of atomoxetine?
Blocks the reuptake of noradrenaline only
What are the 5 types of stigma?
- public stigma
- self stigma
- courtesy stigma
- professional stigma
- institutional stigma
What are the steps to tackle stigma?
Protest, educate, contact
Describe the development of the grey/white matter during adolescence.
Cortical grey matter matures from back to front. Then decrease in volume as white matter increase.
