week 1 Flashcards
What is the World Health Organization’s (WHO) definition of health?
A state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity.” (WHO, 1946/1948)
What is the main criticism of the WHO definition of health?
The absoluteness of the word ‘complete’ in relation to well-being, making it unachievable for most people, particularly in the face of an ageing global population with a burden of chronic disease. (WHO, 1946/1948)
What is positive health?
“Positive Health is a holistic perspective that goes beyond the traditional definition of health as merely the absence of disease. It emphasizes resilience, adaptation, and well-being across six dimensions: physical health, emotional well-being, social well-being, quality of life, sense of purpose, and participation.
What is Health Psychology?
“Health psychology is the study of psychological and behavioral processes in health, illness, and healthcare. It examines how psychological factors, behaviors, and cultural influences impact physical well-being.”
What are the objectives of Health Psychology?
The objectives include understanding behavioural and contextual factors, promoting health, preventing illness, understanding the effects of disease beyond physical aspects, critically analyzing health policy, and conducting research.
What are the three main models of health?
The three main models of health are the (Bio)Medical Model, the Social Model, and the Biopsychosocial Model.
What does AREAS stand for in the Social Model of Health?
Addressing broader determinants of health (e.g., gender, ethnicity, physical/ social/ cultural environment, economic factors)
Reducing social inequalities
Empowering individuals and communities with skills, knowledge & confidence to make positive decisions about their health and participate in healthy behaviours
Access to healthcare is a significant factor that contributes to health status
Inter-Sectorial collaboration between organizations and stakeholders allowing social determinants of health to be adequately addressed and affect health status positively.
What are the characteristics of the Biopsychosocial Model of Health?
The Biopsychosocial Model describes and explains how biological, psychological, and social factors combine and interact to influence health. It emerged from the social model of disability and emphasizes a holistic approach to health, considering the interplay of biological, psychological, and social aspects.
What is motivation?
Motivation is generally defined as a driving force that initiates and directs behavior. It is an internal energy that drives a person to do something in order to achieve a goal.
What are the components of motivation?
The components of motivation include activation (what activates behavior), persistence (how behavior is sustained), and intensity (the determination to pursue a goal).
What role does conditioning play in motivation?
Conditioning helps make a behavior easy and includes stimuli associated with pleasant or unpleasant events motivating approach or avoidance of behavior, as well as the reduction of a drive acting as a reinforcer for a particular behavior.
What are intrinsic and extrinsic motivation?
Intrinsic motivation refers to behavior performed for its own sake, driven by interest or enjoyment inherent to the activity itself. Extrinsic motivation refers to behavior performed to attain an outcome through receiving a reward or avoiding punishment.
What issues arise from the use of extrinsic motivation?
Two main issues arise from the use of extrinsic motivation: it can interfere with intrinsic motivation, known as the ‘over-justification effect’, and relying on it for long periods can result in a need for ever-increasing rewards or punishments to maintain the same effect on behavior.
What is the importance of intrinsic motivation in behavior change?
Only intrinsic motivation has the potential to lead to long-term, sustainable behavior change. Building a healthy lifestyle program focusing exclusively on long-term health benefits may not be a great motivator, so it often starts with extrinsic incentives and moves towards intrinsic motivations.
when was biomedical model found
Developed in the 18th century when natural sciences began to dominate academia and medical practice
When was social model found
Emerged from the social model of disability - disability rights movement
Who developed biopsychosocial model
Developed by George Engel in 1977
Definition of motivation
Motivation is generally defined as a driving force that initiates and directs behavior. It is an internal energy that propels a person to take action in order to achieve a goal.
Components of motivation
The components of motivation include activation, which refers to what activates behavior; persistence, which relates to how behavior is sustained over time; and intensity, which represents the level of determination or effort exerted in pursuing a goal.
Role of conditioning in motivation
Conditioning plays a significant role in motivation by making behaviors easier to perform and influencing approach or avoidance tendencies. It involves stimuli associated with pleasant or unpleasant events that motivate individuals to engage in or avoid certain behaviors. Additionally, the reduction of a drive acts as a reinforcer for specific behaviors, further shaping motivation.
