Week 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What is LD50

A

Dose at which 50% of the population found to be lethal

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2
Q

What is ED50

A

Dose at which 50% of the population found drug to be effective

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3
Q

What is the Therapeutic Index?

A

Difference between ED and LD 50
Margin of safety

Low TI - little margin for dosing, easier to overdose

High TI - large margin for dosing, difficult to harm patient

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4
Q

Peripheral Nervous System

A

Somatic (sensorimotor)
Autonomic (parasympathetic, sympathetic)

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5
Q

Sympathetic Nervous System

A

Arousal - fight, flight, fright

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6
Q

Parasympathetic Nervous System

A

Immune system, energy storage, digestion, growth

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7
Q

What does Pharmacokinetics mean?

A

What happens to the drug once it has entered the body

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8
Q

What makes properties of a drug easier to cross membrane?

A

Liphophilicity (soluble in fats)

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9
Q

What is the most convenient drug absorption method?

A

Enteral - safe, convenient

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10
Q

What is sublingual eneteral absorption good for?

A

High lipophilic drugs

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11
Q

How much of a drug bypasses the liver if rectal administration?

A

50%

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12
Q

What do capillary endothelial cells have?

A

Continuous tight junctions

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13
Q

What does neurotransmission mean?

A

Neurons chemically communicating with neurons

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14
Q

What can’t cross the BBB?

A

Proteins - large molecules
only lypothetic drugs can

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15
Q

What are the 2 types of glial cells?

A

Astrocytes and oligodendrites

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16
Q

What are the main types of brain cells?

A

Neurons
Glial Cells
Ependymal cells
Microglia

17
Q

What does EPSP mean?

A

Excitartory post synaptic potenital
Action potential will work - release of neurotransmitter

18
Q

What does IPSP mean?

A

Inhibiatory Post Synaptic Potential
Stops the affect of drug - stops neurotransmission

19
Q

Where is the dendrite?

A

Postsynaptic

20
Q

Action potential process

A

EPSP occurs- Sodium channels open
Depolaristation - Sodium influx
Re-polarisation - reversal sodium potassium pump
Hyperpolarisation - undershoos that occurs due to potatisum efflux before neurons stabilises

21
Q

What does exocytosis mean?

A

Neurotransmitter release

22
Q

How do neurotransmitters communicate with the next neuron?

23
Q

What is an agonist?

A

‘keys’ that ‘unlock’ the receptor door

Binds to recpetor and has an effect

24
Q

What is an antagonist?

A

‘keys; that fit the lock but can’t open the door

Binds to the receptor but doesn’t have an effect/stops an effect

25
What does affinity mean?
The attraction that a drug has for a receptor site
26
What does efficacy mean?
The ability for a drug to induce a response once bound to the receptor site
27
What do agonists have?
Affinity and Efficacy
28
What do antagonists have?
Affinity but not efficacy
29
What does antagonism cause?
Negative drug interaction The effect of one drug or neurotransmitter minimised or abolished by another
30
What happens with non-competitive antagonism?
Blocks occur IN neuron or cell, not at the receptor site
31
What are the 2 types of positive drug interactions?
Additive - double effect Synergistic - One drug potentiates the effect of another
32
What does tachyphylaxis mean?
rapid desensitisation of receptors - drugs don't work anymore
33