Week 1

Question 1

Biomedical model of health and illness

Answer 1

Focussed on the underlying pathology of health and neural and biochemical activity. Dualistic model that makes a distinction between the body and the mind.

Question 2

Biopsychosocial model

Answer 2

The body and mind are in interaction (holistic view) and they determine health and illness by 3 factors:
1. Biology
2. Psychology
3. Social context

Question 2

Types of prevention

Answer 2

1. Primary prevention: focussed on healthy people.
2. Secondary prevention: focussed on people with a predisposition or early symptoms.
3. Tertiary prevention: focussed on chronic diseases.

Question 2

Cohort studies (and examples)

Answer 2

Studying people for a long period of time for health outcomes. Examples:
- Framingham Heart Study: for cardiac diseases.
- British Doctor Study: for smoking effects.
- Alameda: 7 factors for a healthy life.

Question 3

2 types of health behavior

Answer 3

1. Behavioral pathogens = health risk behaviors.
2. Behavioral immunogens = health protective behavior.

Question 4

4 reasons on why to encourage a healthy lifestyle

Answer 4

1. Health behavior is related to morbidity and mortality.
2. Socio-demographic differences in health behavior increases socio-economic differences.
3. High prevalence of risk behaviors.
4. Health behavior is not always an informed choice.

Question 5

Negative effects of health interventions

Answer 5

• Intervention generated inequalities for people with low SES.
• Hardening / reactance to health behavior.
• Stigmatizing of unhealthy people.