Artikel week 3

Question 1

Top 5 causes of stress at work

Answer 1

1. Low salaries
2. No room to grow
3. Job insecurities.
4. Uncertain job expectations
5. Long hours

Question 2

Worksite health promotion

Answer 2

Based on promoting health from a public health perspective and not based on the environment, while many theories focus on dealing with the negative aspects of the work environment.

Question 3

Job demands-resources model (JD-R)

Answer 3

A dual processes model. Job demands can lead to:
- Health impairment processes –> Strain and burnout.
- Health motivational processes –> work engagement.

Question 4

Different levels of interventions

Answer 4

1. Primary: proactive and prevention oriented, focussing on all employees.
2. Secondary: focussing op people who are at risk.
3. Tertiary: focussing on people in distress or need for recovery.

Effectiveness: primary –> secondary –> tertiary

Question 5

Effectiveness of relaxation interventions

Answer 5

Less effective that cognitive behavioral intervention, because they do not focus on changing cognitions. CB interventions are effective in restoring and enhancing personal resources and reframing demands.

Question 6

Effectiveness of systems approach intervention

Answer 6

Is a combination of individual and organizational level interventions. Are more useful than multimodal techniques: combine multiple interventions at an individual level.

Question 7

Mindfulness-based interventions (stress management intervention)

Answer 7

Relieve stress and facilitate adapting and responding to stress.

Question 8

Recovery interventions (stress management intervention)

Answer 8

Promotes processes to alleviate the negative effects of work stress in 4 ways:
1. Psychological disengagement
2. Mastery
3. Relaxation
4. Control outside work

Question 9

Multimodal interventions

Answer 9

Increase primary resources and engagement and decrease stress. Is based on the JD-R model

Question 10

Red vs. green cape interventions

Answer 10

• Red cape interventions: stress management programs that focus on secondary / tertiary prevention. –> Fight against bad things.
• Green cape intervention: health promotion programs that focus on primary prevention. –> Grow or prevent.

Question 11

Positive psychology at the workplace

Answer 11

Focus on positive things and increasing positive aspects of well-being instead of negative things (like stress).
Advantages: people can do it individually, leads to less stress, fewer mental and physical complaints and more disengagement form work.

Question 12

Most useful interventions

Answer 12

Have a systemic approach and include individual and organizational components. It’s important that the individual components do not interfere with each other. The difficult things is participation of the employeer. You can promote this with:
- Rewards
- Tailoring programmes to interest
- Support from the boss
- A culture for health