Week 1 Flashcards
what is the definition of anatomy
structures of the body
relationships between each other
how they are all connected
how many levels of structural organisation is there
6
what are the 6 levels of organisation
chemical level
cellular level
tissue level
organ level
organ system level
the living individual
what is within the chemical level
atom molecules and compounds
what is within the cellular level
smallest living units of the body
what is within the tissue level
cells and surrounding material to create the 4 tissue types
what are the 4 types of tissue
epithelial
connective
muscle
nervous
what is within the organ level
two or more tissue types join to create organs
what is within the organ system level
related organs with common functions
e.g. digestive system
what are the 11 body systems
integumentary
skeletal
muscular
nervous
endocrine
cardiovascular
lymphatic
respiratory
digestive
urinary
reproductive
what are the features and purpose of the
integumentary system
**skin **
protection
regulates temo
synthesises vitamin D
sensations
Fat and insulation
what are the features and purpose of the
skeletal system
bones and joints
support
protection
muscle attachment
blood cells
mineral and lipids
what are the features and purpose of the
muscular system
skeletal muscle
smooth muscle
cardiac muscle
body movement
posture
heat
what are the features and purpose of the
nervous system
brain
spinal cord
nerves
sense organs
generates nerve impulses
regulates body activities
what are the features and purpose of the
endocrine system
hormone producing glands
hormones
regualtes body activities
what are the features and purpose of the
cardiovascular system
blood
heart
blood vessles
acid-base balance
temperature
water
disease and repair
what are the features and purpose of the
lymphatic system
lymphatic fluid
spleen
thymus
lymph nodes
tonsils
cellular level
proliferations of B and T cells
what are the features and purpose of the
Respiratory system
Lungs + air passageways
O2 transfer to blood
Acid-base balance
Sound
what are the features and purpose of the
digestive system
Gastrointestinal tract
Mouth
Stomach
Small and large intestine
Anus
Accessory glands
Breakdown of food
Absorbs nutrients
Eliminates waste
what are the features and purpose of the
Urinary system
Kidney
Ureter
Bladder
Urethra
Stores and eliminates urine
Blood regulation
Maintains acid-base-balance
Mineral balance
Red blood cells
what are the features and purpose of the
Reproductive system
Gonads
Ovaries
Associated genes
What is the universal anatomical position
Standing position
Head facing forward
Arms to the side
Palms forward
Fingers extended
Thumbs are pointing away from the body
Feet spaced slighting apart
Toes pointing forward
Definitions
What is superior
above
what is inferior
below
what is ventral
forwards
what is dorsal
behind
what is superficial
surface
what is medial
middle
what is lateral
far from middle
what is ipsilateral
same side of the body
what is contralateral
opposite side of body
what is unilateral
one side
what is bilateral
both sides
what is intermediate
in-between
what are the planes of motion
divisions made into anatomical sections
what is sagittal/median plane
divides the body into left and right
what is midsagittal plane
runs directly down the middle of the body
what is parasagittal plane
runs not directly down the middle
what is the coronal plane
divides into anterior and posterior
what is the transverse/axial plane
divides into superior and inferior
what is the oblique plans
plane that is not vertical nor horizontal
what is the definition of homeostasis
“The maintenance of relatively stable conditions in the body’s internal environment”
What is interstitial fluid
fluid between cells
what is synovial fluid
fluid within the joints
what is the fluid in the eye
aqueous humour
vitreous humour
what is a positive feedback loop
reinforces a change to the controlled condition
e.g blood clotting
