week 1 Flashcards
Betula pendula
Silver Birch tree
Perennial woody
White/ silver bark with stripy lenticels, often deep grey ridges with age
50 years max
Pioneer/ colonising species
seed with tiny papery wings
Buxus sempervirens
Common box shrub
small tree or for hedging/ topiary
Evergreen
dark , glossy leathery leaves in opposite pairs
Small yellow flowers, pale green/brown fruits
Good regenerative ability, poor pest resistance
Cardamine hirsuta
Hairy bittercress
edible in the Brassicaceae family -peppery salad leaves
Cruciferous white flower on thin stem
Basal rosette
explosive seed mechanism distributes seeds easily
Daucus Carota
(Wild) carrot/ Queen Anne’s Lace
Collar/ ruff under unbilliferous white flower- quite flat
Apiaceae family
Biannual
red spot
triangular leaves tripinnate and so feathery looking
Hemerocallis
Daylily
Perennial
Beautiful for a day Greek
Flowers last a day but produced in rapid succession
long green leaves before flowers in fans
Don’t like waterlog or shade
edible flowers
Hydrangea Petiolaris
Climbing Hydrangea
Root adaptation to bind to wall and wood (forms clinging aerial rootlets) don’t cause damage
Flower on 1 year of growth and can take hardwood cuttings.
Tolerates shade/ self seeds
Perennial hardy deciduous
Prunus avium
bird cherry
edible but can be bitter, choose cultivar for eating
bark with stripes of lenticels
Leaf with toothed edge
white blossom
Rosaceae family- cluster of buds at tip of stem after growth
overlapping soft scales at buds
Primula denticulata
Drumstick primula
herbaceous perennial
basal rosette flat on floor , oval leaves, toothed leaf margin
45cm high
woodland plant deep moist soil, partial shade
sturdy stem spherical umbles of flowers (purple, pink, white)
Calendula officinalis
Marigold
Officinalis means used for medicines, edible flowers, unpalatable hairy leaves
Asteraceae family
Herbaceous perennial (annual where its cold)
Good for pollinators
Food plant of MOTH LARVAE
many petals on flowers (yellow/ orange
long stem, hairy leaves (both sides)
spiral leaf arrangement
Nicotiana sylvestris
Woodland tobacco plant
Solanaceae family (nightshade)
Sticky leaves- can be poisoned by overtouching
Perennial that won’t survive frost- so tender perennial or treated as half hardy annual
basal rosette and then grows up to 1.5m
long tumpet shaped white flowers in a panicle arrangement,
Moth pollinated
Buddleja davidii
Deciduous shrub up to 3m
Lance shaped, pointed green grey leaves, silvery back
Pioneer/ colonising species
Very fast growing
Chinese
Dead head to stop self seeding, cut back hard at end of March
Roots cause damage
Acer palmatum
Japanese maples
Autumn colour
Deciduous- lose leaves after first frost
Need wind protection to protect form scorch
All parts in pair- leaves, branching stems etc
Cornus sanguinea ‘Midwinter fire’
Sanguin- blood red
Dogwood
brilliant red stems after leaves have fallen, new growth gives best colour so hard coppice Jan/ Feb for colour
White flowers, black berries and leaf veination loopy in opposite pairs
Cotinus coggygria
Vietnamese smokebush
shrub
grey/ purple oval leaves
plumes of flowers that die back
good for colour, deep purple or flat grey
No pruning needed but reducing by 1/3 will create bigger leaf shape, don’t prune hard. Prune after last frost
Crataegeous monogyna
small tree
Strong wood, one seed
Hawthorn
White may flower, red berries
Long thorns
Used in hedge laying for keeping stock
Lay hedge every 10 yrs
Fagus sylvatica
Beech tree
Long sharp cigar like buds
deciduous but keeps old foliage in hedging until new buds form.
Spring shoots edible
alternate leaf buds
beech nuts spike
Magnolia stellata
star shaped flower white
decidous, likes acid soil- Ericaceous
leaves have matt grey back and there is a flat anvil-like platform where flower has formed on stem
downy buds
Don’t use hedgecutter, prune tips after flowering
Endangered in the wild
Quercus robur
English/ pedunculate oak
acorns grow on stalks, leaves do not
deeply lobed leaf
with good root system can last for 800yrs +
oak gall wasps can parasite on acorns- create oak ink- Magna Carta
slow burning for roasting
Hardwood, deciduous, broadleaf
when growing in waterlogged soil pair with Alder until oak is established and then coppice alder to take up moisture and help oak
Prunus serrula
Tibetan cherry
Fabulous copper bark
smaller leaves and serrated leaf margin
small white flowers in April
Sheds bark to rid toxins- don’t pull off in a ring
Scrub clean with brush and soapy water to keep off lichen and moss
cluster buds
ephemeral blossoms
avoid wind exposure
