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Self report > week 1 > Flashcards

week 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Psychological Assessment

A

a processes that uses both nomothetic and ideographic means to understand a subject and their behavior in context;

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2
Q

Goal of Psychological Assessment

A

to guide treatment planning

inform decision-making about the client

help the client understand themself in a way that ameliorate the problems in their life

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3
Q

Nomothetic

A

part of variance in a quality that is shared by people

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4
Q

Idiographic

A

part of variance that is unique to the individual

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5
Q

traditional objective tests

A

structured stimulus (a specific statement)

limited set of externally provided answers (true/false, likert scale)

does not rely on scorer’s judgment to classify the response (scored according to a preexisting key)

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6
Q

objective tests ignore …

A

the test takers willingness to be honest/malingering

test takers lack of self knowledge, response style, halo effect and scapegoating effect

imperfections in the test (ambiguity, psychometrics etc)

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7
Q

replaced objective tests

A

self-report tests

can be differentiated by type of informant (self typically) but also can be parent questionnaire, spouse questionnaire, teacher questionnaire etc

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8
Q

Projective tests

A

refers to ambiguous stimulus or activity (inkblot)

test takers generate a response with minimal guidance; puts forward elements of their habits and personality; interpretation requires subjectivity

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9
Q

which test fits classical definition of projective tests and why

A

rorschach inkblot method

ambiguity and infinite answers

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10
Q

Rorschach scoring

A

involves stimulus classification and problem solving styles more than projection

scoring strictly limits subjectivity

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11
Q

modified use of projective tests

A

we distinguish between two types
1) projective tests
2) performance based personality tests

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12
Q

projective tests (type)

A

rely exclusively on projection (house-tree-person, thematic apperceptions tests, Roberts picture story)

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13
Q

Performance based personality tests

A

have substantial nomothetic aspects
Rorschach, Wartegg Drawing Completion, Adult attachment projective

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14
Q

Attributes of a good test

A

clear instructions for administering, scoring, and interpreting
efficient use (incremental validity)
accurate
- reliability: consistency
- validity: measures what its supposed to

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15
Q

Purpose of personality assessments

A
  • describe current functioning
  • confirm, refute or modify impressions
  • Identify therapeutic needs
  • aid in differential dx
  • monitor treatment
  • manage risk
  • effective short term therapeutic intervention
  • guard against bias/human thinking errors
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16
Q

best defenses against inaccurate conclusions

A

using valid/reliable measures (guard against biases)
multi-method assessment
collaborative/therapeutic assessment

17
Q

reasons NOT to do assessment

A

reaching beyond our limits
invading privacy
collecting data too limited to draw conclusions
data will be misused
over-generalizing
inefficient use of money
when feedback will NOT be provided

18
Q

What is personality

A

an individuals unique constellation of psychological traits and states

19
Q

traits

A

relatively enduring ways in which one person varies from another
at least somewhat situation-dependent
perfect consistency will not be found; no absolute standards

20
Q

states

A

temporary (unlike traits which are enduring)

21
Q

Personality (Meyer Erdberg)

A

a bio-psycho-social construct
relatively stable set of attitudes and behaviors that make each person unique
product of complex interaction of nature nurture and context

22
Q

personality disorders (Meyer Erdberg)

A

maladaptive extremes of normal personality characteristics
deviate markedly from expectation of an individual’s culture

23
Q

States v Traits debate: Mischel

A

traits are not very important determinants of behavior, rather the context of the behavior is most important

24
Q

States v Traits debate: Bandura

A

traits theorists neglect the functionality of a behavior in a particular situation (reinforcement etc)

25
Q

States v Traits debate: Wachtel

A

traits are important; differing experiences cause people to see similar situations differently, or different situations similarly; traits can influence the kinds of situations we put ourselves in

26
Q

underlying assumptions in assessment

A
  1. traits and states do exist
  2. traits and states can be quantified and measured
  3. various approaches to measuring aspects of the same thing are a vital part of the assessment process (multi-method)
  4. assessment can provide insight to important issues that are not efficiently available otherwise
  5. various sources of error are part of the assessment process
  6. tests and other measurement techniques all have strengths and weaknesses
  7. test-related behavior predicts non-test related behavior
  8. present day behavior sampling predicts future behavior
  9. testing and assessment can be conducted in fair and unbiased manner
  10. testing and assessment benefit individuals and society
27
Q

personality dimensions: NEO-PI big 5

A
  1. neuroticism
  2. extraversion
  3. openness to experience
  4. agreeableness
  5. conscientiousness
28
Q

methods of personality assessment

A

self report
performance based
behavioral

29
Q

methods of personality assessment: self report

A

true/false
Lickert scale
force choice
Q sort technique
adjective checklist

30
Q

methods of personality assessment: Performance based

A

sentence completion
inkblot
picture stories
drawings

31
Q

methods of personality assessment: behavioral

A

actual exercises
behavioral observations
role play
physiological methods

32
Q

Methods of self-report construction

A

rational
factorial
empirical

33
Q

Methods of self-report construction: Rational

A

items are written to capture understanding of what a trait is
Characteristics: tend to be face valid, susceptible to responses biases (easily faked), may not be internally consistent or valid

34
Q

Methods of self-report construction: factorial

A

items are selected on the basis of factor analysis
Characteristics: highly internally consistent, tends to be face valid, somewhat susceptible to response bias

35
Q

Methods of self-report construction: empirical

A

items are selected on their ability to empirically distinguish one group from another
Characteristics: often have low internal consistency, items are not face valid, may be less susceptible to response bias

Self report (5 decks)

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