Week 1 Flashcards
People with _____ are more likely to have a mental illness and vice versa
Substance use disorder
Mental health is more than the absence or presence of _____
illness
What is flourishing?
Presence of mental health
What is languishing?
Absence of mental health, lack of interest and motivation
What is the most prominent source of meaning for flourishing and languishing?
Relationships
The mental health continuum model from Keyes presumes mental health involves what components?
Psychological, social, and emotional
Explain flourishing and languishing with regards to mental illness and mental health.
You can have mental illness and still flourish or languish based on presence or absence of mental health.
Mental health determines whether you flourish or languish.
Types:
Flourish/thriving w/ illness
Flourish/thriving w/o illness
Languishing/surviving with illness
Languishing/surviving w/o illness
“Flourishing” (Keyes 2002)
Subjective sense of wellbeing:
o Presence of Positive Functioning in life
- psychological well being
- emotional well being
- social well being
“Languishing” (Keyes 2002) (overall lack of interest or no motivation in life)
Presence of mental health = flourishing
Absence of mental health = languishing
o Low levels of positive mental health
“emptiness, stagnation…languishing in life”:
o Psychological
o Emotional
o Social
Languishing is comparable to an episode of depression
o Associated with poor emotional health
o Higher risk of depressive episode
World Health Organization (WHO) on mental health
- “ A state of well-being in which the individual realizes his or her own abilities, can cope with the normal stresses of life, can work productively and fruitfully, and is able to make a contribution to his or her community”
Public Health Agency of Canada (PHAC)
- “Mental health is the capacity of each and all of us to feel, think, and act in ways that enhance our ability to enjoy life and deal with the challenges we face.”
What are the 4 main components and meaning in the FIrst nations’ mental wellness continuum?
Purpose - in lives such as education, employment, culture
Belonging - connected w/ family, community, culture
Hope - for their future and values
Meaning - understanding of their lives and being part of creation and rich history
What are the components of the Indigenist Ecological Systems Model and describe them.
- Indigenous communities, leaders, etc. call for strengths-based approaches to mental health and wellness
Categories in model:
Historical Contexts:
Indicates histories affect Indigenous peoples’ health and well-being in the past, present and future
Includes:
* Histories of colonialism, resilience and perseverance, familial, ancestral, and place-based histories that center the importance of lands
Intergenerational learning is fostered by community
* Both sides learning from or with each other
* Begins w/ development of social structures and relationships
* Storytelling, public speaking, and singing often used to promote intergenerational learning (teaching youth about cultural values and historical knowledge)
* This source of learning ensures Indigenous lifeways persist throughout time
* Cultural continuity depends on intergenerational learning
Cultural Contexts
Combine intergenerational learning with cultural practices
* Intergenerational learning includes teaching cultural practices
Includes patterns in beliefs, practices, norms, and customs unique to Indigenous ppl
Culture is central to mental health wellness
Language is important vehicle for passing down culture from generation to generation
Historical and cultural contexts are intimately bound w/ one another
Indigenous Youth
3rd in model
Indicates Indigenous histories and culture are before and integral to Indigenous youth development
Developmental outcomes (bad or good) are connected to Indigenous youth’s connection to their communities’ histories and cultures
Indigenous youth experience clear benefits as a result of being immersed in and learning about longstanding cultural practices and traditions
Immediate Contexts
refer to environments that Indigenous youth have direct interactions with daily
includes parents, caregivers, peers, schools, and community (family)
Surrounding Contexts
Defined as interactions between two or more immediate contexts affecting Indigenous youth
E.g., schools and parents
* Establishing partnerships w/ parents can make culture in school more accessible
Distant contexts
Represents the environment Indigenous ppl may or may not be involved in, but are indirectly impacted by them
Environment includes:
* Government, sports teams’ names and mascots, Indigenous visibility and representation in mass media, and healthcare systems
Indigenous population have most positive developmental outcomes when able to access their histories and cultures in their environments, and less desirable when they can’t
Substance Use Spectrum
Non-use - avoiding use of substances (abstinence)
- e.g., no drugs, tobacco, or alcohol
Beneficial use - Use that can have positive health, social, or spiritual effects
- e.g., taking meds as prescribed, ceremonial/religious use of tobacco (such as smudging)
Lower-risk use - has minimal impact to a person, their family, friends and others
- e.g., low-risk alcohol drinking, lower-risk cannabis use guidelines
Higher-risk use - use that is harmful and negative impact to person, their family, and others
- e.g., illegal drugs, impaired driving, binge drinking, combining multiple substances, increasing frequency, increasing quantity
Addiction - a treatable medical condition that affects the brain and involves compulsive and continuous use despite negative impacts to a person
- e.g., someone cannot stop using drugs, tobacco, or alcohol even when they want to
What is harm reduction?
- Harm reduction defined as an approach, set of strategies, policy or program designed to reduce substance-related harm without requiring abstinence
- At its core is working together as partners w/ people who use substances to:
o Reduce negative health, social, and economic consequences r/t substance use
o Promote public health, human rights, and social justice
o Promotes equity, inclusion, dignity, self-determination, and respect
Trauma & Violence Informed Approach
Are policies and practices that recognize the connections between violence, trauma, negative health outcomes and behaviours
These approaches increase safety, control and resilience for people seeking services r/t experiences of violence or history of violence
o E.g., physical, sexual violence, abuse in childhood, etc.
Key Policy and Practice Principles:
o Understand trauma and violence, and their impacts on peoples’ lives and behaviours
o Create emotionally and physically safe environments
o Foster opportunities for choice, collaboration, and connection
o Provide a strengths-based and capacity-building approach to support client coping and resilience
The goal is to minimize harm, not to treat trauma
o focus is to minimize the potential for harm and re-traumatization, NOT treat it such as counselling or chronic pain interventions
What is stigma?
- Discrimination or negative beliefs against another individual or group
- Negative stereotype
- People with mental illness are among one of most stigmatized groups
- Causes chronic stress
What is cultural competency?
- Knowledge and awareness of cultural and health related beliefs, practices, and cultural values of diverse populations
- Develops skill in providing care that is culturally sensitive/informed
- Outcome is to provide culturally competent care
What is cultural humility?
- Self-reflection of personal place of power, identity and biases and how that may interface when interacting with people
- Appreciates Intersectionality & Dynamic nature of people’s identities.
- Process of reflection rather than outcome
Cultural Safety
- Both Process & Outcome
- Goal is greater equity and addressing “root causes of power imbalances and inequitable social relationships in health care”
- Cultural Safety = Cultural Awareness + Cultural Sensitivity + Cultural Competence (CAN, 2010)
