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Abnormal Psychology > Week 1 > Flashcards

Week 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

Medical Conceptualization of abnormality?

A

Abnormality is a symptom for underlying disease (genetic, brain structure), which ignores social context

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2
Q

What is the existential approach to abnormality?

A

Abnormal behaviour is the response to the world with the personal authenticity, in contrast with being “normal” but conforming to societal expectations

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3
Q

Normalizing/Health-based approach?

A

Define normality in contrast of abnormality

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4
Q

What is the psychodynamic approach to abnormality?

A

Abnormality is a defence mechanism to avoid negativity (based on Freud theories). By encouraging patient say whatever they have in their mind (free association technique), therapist are able to reveal unconscious motives and resolve original conflicts

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5
Q

What is Humanistic Psychotherapy?

A

it focuses on the present and value patient’s self-esteem and self-acceptance. The attitude toward this should be non-judgemental, warm, accepting, empathic,… (unconditional positive regard)

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6
Q

What is Cognitive-behavioural therapy (CBT)?

A

Cognitive-behavioural therapy (CBT) take into account history, current behaviour, findings from research and clinical, and cognition (thoughts, beliefs, assumptions, attitudes, expectations,…)

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7
Q

What is the Behavioural approach to abnormality?

A

Viewing psychological symptoms as maladaptive behaviour pattern, in which could be learnt or unlearnt. This approach consider internal events and history unimportant.

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8
Q

Schizophrenic and other psychological disorders

A

Loss of contract with reality, disturbances of thought and perception, bizarre behaviour, and negative symptoms (low motivation, lack of emotional response,..)

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9
Q

Anxiety disorder

A

several disorders (in response to a particular stimulus) that might include panic attacks

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10
Q

Mood disorder

A

disturbances of normal mood (from extreme to bipolar)

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11
Q

Somatoform disorder

A

physical symptoms (pain or paralysis) but due to psychological effects

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12
Q

Dissociative disorder (rối loạn nhân cách)

A

mental disorders that involve experiencing a disconnection and lack of continuity between thoughts, memories, surroundings, actions and identity (eg: unable to recall a traumatic experience)

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13
Q

Sexual and gender identity disorder

A

sexual interests in children (paedophilia), objects (fetishism), feeling trapped in the body of a wrong gender (transsexualism), and sexual arousal disorder (eg: impotence)

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14
Q

Eating disorder

A

Disturbances in eating behaviour (eg: binge eating, anorexia, bulimia nervosa)

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15
Q

Sleep disorder

A

Abnormalities in amount, quality, time of sleep (insomnia) or during sleep (nightmare, sleepwalking,..)

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16
Q

Impulsed control disorder

A

fail to resist an impulse, drive, or temptation like stealing for no personal gain (kleptomania) or habitual pull out one’s hair (trichollitomania)

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17
Q

Personality disorder

A

rigid and unhealthy pattern of thinking, functioning and behaving (narcissistic, obsessive-compulsive,…)

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18
Q

Substance-related disorder

A

Excessive use of alcohol or drugs

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19
Q

Factitious disorder

A

Pretend to get sick to gain financial benefits or reduce responsibility

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20
Q

Biological perspective on mental illness

A

see mental illness as a medical condition (disease that afflict people)

21
Q

Psychological perspective on mental illness

A

see mental illness with psychological conflicts (problematic thoughts, feelings, behaviours,..) not brain disease

22
Q

social cultural perspective on mental illness

A

attribute abnormality to social causes (socio-economic conditions, cultural influences, and social oppression,…)

23
Q

Psychiatrist

A

have a medical degree

24
Q

Psychologist

A

don’t have medical degree but graduate degree in psychology

25
Q

Clinical Psychologist

A

Clinical psychologists specialize in the diagnosis and treatment of psychological disorders by using psychological techniques and therapy approaches.

26
Q

Counseling psychologists

A

Counseling psychologists specialize in supporting and counseling people to solve their life issues.

27
Q

Psychopathology

A

abnormality is the product of dysfunctions biologically or psychologically ( societal factors don’t often involve)

28
Q

Differentiate mental illness and mental disorder

A

mental illness has more biological connotation than mental disorder

29
Q

Components of mental disorder

A
  1. mental mechanism dysfunction
  2. harmful behaviour
30
Q

Deviance

A

Socially unacceptable behaviours

31
Q

Social oppression

A

unjust societal conditions lead to troublesome behaviours and emotions

32
Q

Statistical deviation

A

identify abnormality by statistical norm (but not always the case)

33
Q

Prevalence rate

A

the percentage of the people believed to have a specific disorder

34
Q

Incidence rate

A

number of new cases over a period of time

35
Q

common criteria for abnormality

A
  • statistical deviation
  • violation of social norms and values
  • behavior that disturbs others
  • harmfulness to self or others
  • emotional suffering
  • misperception of reality
36
Q

If quantitative methods deal with objective theories, statistical analyses, and the relationship between variables, what do qualitative methods focus on?

A

Subjective experiences, Meaning, How people interpret social and human issues

37
Q

Which qualitative method involves using a theoretical perspective to examine a specific instance of something, with a goal to generalize to other instances?

A

Case study

38
Q

What are the strengths of case studies?

A

Rich in analytic content, providing a thorough examination of the research subjects

39
Q

Developing theories from the data collected instead of testing an established theory is the aim of which qualitative methods?

A

Grounded theory

40
Q

Which qualitative method aims to describe the “essence” of the research subject?

A

Phenomenological Analysis

41
Q

Mental illness & mental disorder

A

rooted in the abnormality-as-
psychopathology perspective & both imply something wrong inside the person being diagnosed.

42
Q

How many components of mental disorder?

A

TWO. (1) a mental
mechanism that fails to operate according to its naturally designed function (i.e., an internal dysfunction)
(2) behavior society deems harmful that is caused by the internal dysfunction.

43
Q

Perspective during 18th & 19th centuries

A

(1) Alienists and the Development of Moral Therapy
(2) Prominent Figures
(3) The York Retreat
(4) Critics of Moral Therapy

44
Q

What perspective differences about mental illness between biological perspective, psy perspective, sociocultural perspective?

A

(1) biological perspective: mental illnesses as medical conditions
(2) psy perspective: conceptualize abnormality in psychological terms as involving problematic thoughts, feelings, and
behaviors
(3) sociocultural perspective: attribute abnormality to social causes; factors such as socioeconomic conditions,
cultural influences, and social oppression are the root causes of people’s emotional upset.

45
Q

social oppression perspective

A

unjust societal conditions lead to troublesome
behaviors and emotions

46
Q

When emotional suffering happened?

A

depressed, anxious, angry, or ambivalent is both socially deviant and often thought to imply internal pathology

47
Q

Greek and Roman Perspectives

A

founder of a scientific approach
to medicine and neurology, abnormality
therefore reflect an early biological perspective

48
Q

Socrates perspective

A

human passions run amok, emotional distress results

Abnormal Psychology (3 decks)

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