Week 1 Flashcards
Medical Conceptualization of abnormality?
Abnormality is a symptom for underlying disease (genetic, brain structure), which ignores social context
What is the existential approach to abnormality?
Abnormal behaviour is the response to the world with the personal authenticity, in contrast with being “normal” but conforming to societal expectations
Normalizing/Health-based approach?
Define normality in contrast of abnormality
What is the psychodynamic approach to abnormality?
Abnormality is a defence mechanism to avoid negativity (based on Freud theories). By encouraging patient say whatever they have in their mind (free association technique), therapist are able to reveal unconscious motives and resolve original conflicts
What is Humanistic Psychotherapy?
it focuses on the present and value patient’s self-esteem and self-acceptance. The attitude toward this should be non-judgemental, warm, accepting, empathic,… (unconditional positive regard)
What is Cognitive-behavioural therapy (CBT)?
Cognitive-behavioural therapy (CBT) take into account history, current behaviour, findings from research and clinical, and cognition (thoughts, beliefs, assumptions, attitudes, expectations,…)
What is the Behavioural approach to abnormality?
Viewing psychological symptoms as maladaptive behaviour pattern, in which could be learnt or unlearnt. This approach consider internal events and history unimportant.
Schizophrenic and other psychological disorders
Loss of contract with reality, disturbances of thought and perception, bizarre behaviour, and negative symptoms (low motivation, lack of emotional response,..)
Anxiety disorder
several disorders (in response to a particular stimulus) that might include panic attacks
Mood disorder
disturbances of normal mood (from extreme to bipolar)
Somatoform disorder
physical symptoms (pain or paralysis) but due to psychological effects
Dissociative disorder (rối loạn nhân cách)
mental disorders that involve experiencing a disconnection and lack of continuity between thoughts, memories, surroundings, actions and identity (eg: unable to recall a traumatic experience)
Sexual and gender identity disorder
sexual interests in children (paedophilia), objects (fetishism), feeling trapped in the body of a wrong gender (transsexualism), and sexual arousal disorder (eg: impotence)
Eating disorder
Disturbances in eating behaviour (eg: binge eating, anorexia, bulimia nervosa)
Sleep disorder
Abnormalities in amount, quality, time of sleep (insomnia) or during sleep (nightmare, sleepwalking,..)
Impulsed control disorder
fail to resist an impulse, drive, or temptation like stealing for no personal gain (kleptomania) or habitual pull out one’s hair (trichollitomania)
Personality disorder
rigid and unhealthy pattern of thinking, functioning and behaving (narcissistic, obsessive-compulsive,…)
Substance-related disorder
Excessive use of alcohol or drugs
Factitious disorder
Pretend to get sick to gain financial benefits or reduce responsibility
Biological perspective on mental illness
see mental illness as a medical condition (disease that afflict people)
Psychological perspective on mental illness
see mental illness with psychological conflicts (problematic thoughts, feelings, behaviours,..) not brain disease
social cultural perspective on mental illness
attribute abnormality to social causes (socio-economic conditions, cultural influences, and social oppression,…)
Psychiatrist
have a medical degree
Psychologist
don’t have medical degree but graduate degree in psychology
Clinical Psychologist
Clinical psychologists specialize in the diagnosis and treatment of psychological disorders by using psychological techniques and therapy approaches.
Counseling psychologists
Counseling psychologists specialize in supporting and counseling people to solve their life issues.
Psychopathology
abnormality is the product of dysfunctions biologically or psychologically ( societal factors don’t often involve)
Differentiate mental illness and mental disorder
mental illness has more biological connotation than mental disorder
Components of mental disorder
- mental mechanism dysfunction
- harmful behaviour
Deviance
Socially unacceptable behaviours
Social oppression
unjust societal conditions lead to troublesome behaviours and emotions
Statistical deviation
identify abnormality by statistical norm (but not always the case)
Prevalence rate
the percentage of the people believed to have a specific disorder
Incidence rate
number of new cases over a period of time
common criteria for abnormality
- statistical deviation
- violation of social norms and values
- behavior that disturbs others
- harmfulness to self or others
- emotional suffering
- misperception of reality
If quantitative methods deal with objective theories, statistical analyses, and the relationship between variables, what do qualitative methods focus on?
Subjective experiences, Meaning, How people interpret social and human issues
Which qualitative method involves using a theoretical perspective to examine a specific instance of something, with a goal to generalize to other instances?
Case study
What are the strengths of case studies?
Rich in analytic content, providing a thorough examination of the research subjects
Developing theories from the data collected instead of testing an established theory is the aim of which qualitative methods?
Grounded theory
Which qualitative method aims to describe the “essence” of the research subject?
Phenomenological Analysis
Mental illness & mental disorder
rooted in the abnormality-as-
psychopathology perspective & both imply something wrong inside the person being diagnosed.
How many components of mental disorder?
TWO. (1) a mental
mechanism that fails to operate according to its naturally designed function (i.e., an internal dysfunction)
(2) behavior society deems harmful that is caused by the internal dysfunction.
Perspective during 18th & 19th centuries
(1) Alienists and the Development of Moral Therapy
(2) Prominent Figures
(3) The York Retreat
(4) Critics of Moral Therapy
What perspective differences about mental illness between biological perspective, psy perspective, sociocultural perspective?
(1) biological perspective: mental illnesses as medical conditions
(2) psy perspective: conceptualize abnormality in psychological terms as involving problematic thoughts, feelings, and
behaviors
(3) sociocultural perspective: attribute abnormality to social causes; factors such as socioeconomic conditions,
cultural influences, and social oppression are the root causes of people’s emotional upset.
social oppression perspective
unjust societal conditions lead to troublesome
behaviors and emotions
When emotional suffering happened?
depressed, anxious, angry, or ambivalent is both socially deviant and often thought to imply internal pathology
Greek and Roman Perspectives
founder of a scientific approach
to medicine and neurology, abnormality
therefore reflect an early biological perspective
Socrates perspective
human passions run amok, emotional distress results
